政治信念、競選策略與選舉動員：臺灣地區二屆立委候選人競選模式之研究_

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題名：	政治信念、競選策略與選舉動員：臺灣地區二屆立委候選人競選模式之研究
書刊名：	東吳政治學報
作者：	游盈隆
出版日期：	1993
卷期：	2
頁次：	頁375-395
主題關鍵詞：	立委選舉；政治信念；競選策略
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(13) 博士論文(2) 專書(1) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:13 共同引用:0 點閱:67

早二十多年前，知名的英國學者羅思（Richard Rose, 1967:23）就曾指出：「就提昇我們對政治的了解而言，投票行為的研究同樣重要。但迄今為止，社會科學家對選民投票行為的研究所投入的心思和努力卻遠超過對競選行為的研究。在過去二十五年當中，英、美及其他國的研究投票行為的研究。在過去的二十五年當中，英、美及其他國的研究投票行為的學者已發展了嚴謹的、精鍊的技術來分析影響選民投票的行為的各種因素。不走的是，我們迄今尚無同樣細緻的概念架構來研究候選人的行為。」雖然羅思的警語是針對早期英美的學術圈，可是對今天臺灣政治學的選舉研究卻同樣適用。過去十餘年來，臺灣政治學界在選民投票行為研究方面的成果堪稱豐碩。但是在政黨與候選人競選行為的研究方面，卻幾近空白。選舉研究的失衡，使得我們對選舉的結果以及選民投票行為的了解，遭受到很大的限制。本研究即希望針對年底二屆立委選舉中候選人的競選模式進行研究。本研究的重點包括候選人的競選效能、競選策略、競選訴求、組織動員，以及候選人對選民的認知與評價、候選人的政治取向等等。在研究的方法上，本研究採取了選前的選舉觀察、靜態資料蒐集，選後針對候選人做深度訪談和大規模問卷調查。本研究為國內首次針對中央民意代表候選人的競選模式做有系統的觀察，希望能稍稍為國內這方面的研究補白，並為後續的更具理論性的研究鋪路。除此之外，我們也附帶收集候選人／當選人的背景及生涯歷史等資料。臺灣政治在民主化的新局面下，立法委員的角色愈形重要。他們將是臺灣未來政治菁英的重要部份。我們希望這些資料有助於臺灣政治菁英的研究。

以文找文

About twenty five years ago. Richard Rose, a noted British political scientist, made a perceptive comment about the state of election study. He said that “the study of voting behavior and the study of the behavior of campaigners are both important in understanding politics. To date, social scientists have concentrated much more sophisticated attention upon the systematic study of voters. In the past quarter-century, students of voting in America, Britain and other countries have developed rigorous and elaborate techniques for analyzing influences upon voting behavior. Unfortunately, we do not have a similarly sophisticated conceptual framework for studying the behavior of campaigners.” (Richard Rose, 1967: 23) In actuality Rose’s comment is perfectly applicable to the present state of Taiwan’s election study. In the past ten more years, Taiwanese political scientists have concentrated upon the study of voting behavior. More than half dozen national election surveys were complete during that period of time. Also, quite a few fine articles have been published. In contrast, the study of campaigning behavior of both political parties and candidates has been entirely overlooked. No serious research on this subject matter has been done so far. As a result, our conventional understanding about the meaning of election outcomes and Taiwanese voting behavior is bound to be insufficient if not incorrect. The aim of this study is clear. We hop to provide a more adequate understanding about the patterns of candidate’s campaigning behavior in the context of Taiwan. We plan to conduct a systematic observation over the upcoming congressional election of 1992, perhaps the most important election in the four decades. The focuses of this research will be on candidate’s campaign effectiveness, electoral strategies, campaign issues, electoral mobilization, candidate’s political belief system and their cognition and evolution of voters. Our research methods are threefold. First, during the period of election campaign, the participants of this study group will choose to take part in particular candidate’s campaign organization. As a member of staff, we would be able to take a much closer look at how major decisions of campaign are made. Second, after election, we will use the method of depth interview to some more than thirty candidates. This necessary because the method of depth interview can draw more detailed information about candidate’s electoral mobilization, strategies and so forth. Third, and finally, in addition to candidate’s depth interview, we will also conduct a large-scale survey to the candidates of this particular election. To do so, we will be in a better position to realize how candidates perceive voters and what ideological dispositions candidates possess. Of course, the selection of candidates to be interviewed will follow the technique of random sampling.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Wattenberg, Martin P.(1982)。Party Identification and Party Images: A Comparison of Britain, Canada, Australia, and the United States。Comparative Politics，15(1)，23-40。
2.	Brody, Richard A.、Page, Benjamin J.(1973)。Indifference, Alienation and Rational Decisions: The Effects of Candidate Evaluations on Turnout and the Vote。Public Choice，15(1)，1-17。
3.	Martz, John D.(1971)。Democratic Political Campaigning In Latin America: A Typological Approach To Cross-Cultural Research。The Journal of Politics，33(2)，370-398。
4.	Kramer, Gerald H.(1970)。The Effects of Precinct-Level Canvassing on Voter Behavior。Public Opinion Quarterly，34(4)，560-572。
5.	Ferejohn、Noll, Roger G.(1978)。Uncertainty and the Formal Theory of Political Campaigns。APSR，72(2)，492-505。
6.	Campbell, James E.(1983)。Candidate Image Evaluations: Influence and Rationalization in Presidential Primaries。American Politics Quarterly，11(3)，293-313。
7.	Enelow, James M.、Hinich, Melvin J.(1982)。Ideology, Issues, and the Spatial Theory of Elections。American Political Science Review，76(3)，493-501。
8.	Searing, Donald D.(1978)。Measuring Politicians' Values: Administration and Assessment of a Ranking Technique in the British House of Commons。American Political Science Review，72(1)，65-79。
9.	Andrews, William G.(1973)。Presidentialism and Parliamentary Electoral Politics in France: A case study of Evreux, 1962 and 1973。Political Studies，21(3)，311-320。
10.	Bullock, Charles S.(1977)。Explaining Congressonal Elections: Differences in Perceptions of Opposing Candidates。Legislative Studies Quarterly，2(3)。
11.	Atkin, Charles、Heald, Gary(1976)。Effects of Political Advertising。Public Opinion Quarterly，40(2)，216-228。
12.	Bond, Jon R.(1985)。Dimensions of District attention Over Time。American Journal of Political Science，29(2)，330-347。
13.	Bull, Ray、Hawkes, Caroline(1982)。Judging Politicians by Their Faces。Political Studies，30(1)，95-101。
14.	Cover, Albert、Brumberg, Bruce S.(1982)。Baby Books and Ballots: The Impact of Congressional Mail On Constituent Opinion。APSR，76(2)，347-359。
15.	Declercq, Eugene(1978)。The Use of Polling in Congressional Campaign。Public Opinion Quarterly，42(2)，247-258。
16.	Gant, Michael M.(1983)。Citizens' Evaluation of 1980 Presidential Candidates: Influence of campaign strategies。American Politics Quarterly，11，327-348。
17.	Hill, A. P.(1974)。The Effect of Party Organization: Eection Expenses and the 1970 Election。Political Studies，22(2)，215-217。
18.	Irvine, William P.(1982)。Does the Candidate Make a difference? the Macro- Politics and Micro-Politics of Getting Elected。Canadian Journal of Political Science，15(4)，755-782。
19.	Kaufman, Gerald M. P.(1985)。Politicans and the Media。Parliamentary Affairs，38(3)，319-327。
20.	Kim, Chong Lim、Racheter, Donald P.(1973)。Candidates Perception of Voter Competence: A comparison of winning and Losing Candidates。APSR，67(3)，906-913。
21.	Mervin, David(1972)。Parochialism and Professionalism in a Congressional Election。Political Studies，20(3)，277-286。
22.	Monroe, Alan D.(1983)。American Party Platforms and Public Opinion。AJPS，27(1)，27-42。
23.	Mughan, Anthony(1978)。Electoral change in Britain: the Campaign Reassessed。British Journal Of Political Science，8，245-253。
24.	Owens, John R.、Olson, Edward C.(1977)。Campaign Spending and the Electoral Process in California, 1966-1974。Western Political Quarterly，30(4)，493-512。
25.	Paletz, David(1971)。The Neglected Context of Congressional Campaigns。Polity，4(2)，195-217。
26.	Patterson, Samuel C.(1982)。Campaign Spending in Contests for Governor。Western Political Quarterly，35(4)，457-477。
27.	Pomper, Gerald M.(1970)。Campaigning: The Art and Science of Politics。Polity，2(4)，533-539。
28.	Putnam, Robert D.(1971)。Studying Elite Political Culture: The Case of Ideology。ASPR，65(3)，651-681。
29.	Shepard, Lawrence(1976)。Does Campaign Spending Really Matter?。Public Opinion Quarterly，41(2)，196-205。
30.	Tatalovich, Raymond(1979)。Electoral Votes and Presidential Campaign Trails, 1932-1976。American Politics Quarterly，7(4)，489-497。
31.	West, Darrell M.(1985)。Cheers and Jeers: Candidate Presentations and Audience Reactions in the 1980 Presidential Campaign。American Politics Quarterly，12(1)，23-50。

圖書
1.	Jacobson, Gary C.(1980)。Money in Congressional Elections。New Haven：Yale University Press。
2.	Trilling, Richard J.(1976)。Party Image and Electoral Behavior。New York：Wiley。
3.	Sorauf, Frank J.(1988)。Money in American Elections。Scott, Foresman and Company。
4.	Crewe, Ivor、Denver, David(1985)。Electoral Change in Western Democracies: Patterns and Sources of Electoral Volatility。New York：St. Martin's Press。
5.	Sundquist, James L.(1983)。Dynamics of the Party System。Washington, DC：Brookings Institution Press。
6.	Curtis, Gerald L.(1971)。Election Campaigning Japanese Style。Washington：Columbia University Press。
7.	Fenno, Richard F. Jr.(1978)。Home Style: House Members in their Districts。Little, Brown and Company。
8.	Grofman, Bernard、Lijphart, Arend(1986)。Electoral Laws and Their Political Consequences。New York：Agathon Press。
9.	Rose, Richard(1967)。Influencing Voters: A Study of Campaign Rationality。London：Faber and Faber。
10.	Silbey, Joel H.、Bogue, Allen G.、Flanigan, Wiliam H.(1978)。The History of American Electoral Behavior。Princeton, N. J.：Princeton University Press。
11.	Enelow, James M.、Hinich, Melvin J.(1984)。The Spatial Theory of Voting: An Introduction。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。
12.	Abramson, Paul R.、Aldrich, John H.、Rodhe, David。Change and Continuity in the 1984 Elections。
13.	Cain, Bruce E.、Ferejohn, John、Fiorina, Morris P.(1987)。The Personal Vote: Connstituency Service and Electoral Independence。Cambridge, Mass：Harvard University Press。
14.	Clarke, Peter、Evans, Susan H.(1983)。Covering Campaigns: Journalism in Congressional Elections。Standford, Calif.：Standford University Press。
15.	Flanagan, Scott C.、Richardson, Bradley M.(1977)。Japanese Electoral Behavior: Social Cleavages, Social Networks and Partisanship。London：Sage。
16.	Fishel, Murray、Gopoian, David、Stacey, J. Michael。On the Campaign Trail: the Ultimate Campaign Computer Simulation。
17.	Goldenberg, Edie N.、Traugott, Michael W.(1984)。Campaigning For Congress。Washington, D.C.：CQ Press。
18.	Heath, Anthony、Jowell, Roger、Curties, John(1985)。How Britain Votes。London：Pergamon。
19.	Herrnson, Paul S.(1988)。Party Campaigning in the 1980s。Cambridge, Mass：Harvard University Press。
20.	Hershey, Marjorie R.(1984)。Running for Office。Chatham, NJ.：Chatham House。
21.	Jennings, M. Kent、Zeigler, L. Harmon(1966)。The Electoral Process。Prentice Hall, INC.。
22.	Jacobson, Gary C.(1987)。The Politics of Congressional Elections。Boston：Little, Brown, and Company。
23.	Jacobson, Gary C.、Kernell, Samuel J.(1981)。Stragegy and Choice in Congressional Elections。New Haven, Conn.：Yale University Press。
24.	Stanley, Kelley Jr.(1960)。Political Campaigning。Washington, D.C.：Brookings Institute。
25.	Kessel, John H.(1984)。Presidential Campaign Politics。The Dorsey Press。
26.	Kingdon, John W.(1968)。Candidates for Office: Beliefs & Strategies。New York：Random House。
27.	Lengle, James I.、Shafter, Byron E.(1983)。Presidential Politics: Readings on Nominations and Elections。New York：St. Martin Press。
28.	Maisel, L. Sandy。From Obscurity to Oblivion: Running in the Congressional Primary。
29.	Martz, John D.、Baloyra, Enrique A.(1977)。Electoral Mobilization and Public Opinion: The Venezuelan Camnpaign of 1973。Chapel Hill：The University of North Carolina Press。
30.	Rosenberg, Stuart(1983)。Winners and Losers: Campaigns, Candidates and Congressional Elections。Washington, D.C.：Free Congress Research and Education Foundation。
31.	Salmore, Stephen、Salmore, Barbara(1989)。Candidates, Parties, and Campaigns: Electoral Politics m America。Washington：Congressional Quarterly Press。
32.	Downs, Anthony J.(1957)。An Economic Theory of Democracy。New York：Harper and Row。
33.	Lijphart, Arend(1984)。Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-One Countries。Yale University Press。

圖書論文
1.	Rochon, Thomas R.(1981)。Electoral Systems and the Basis of the Vote: the Case of Japan。Parties, Candidates, and Voters in Japan: Six Quantitative Studies。Ann Arbor：University of Michigan Center for Japanese Studies。

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