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題名：兒童之電視釋義基模初探
書刊名：新聞學研究
作者：吳翠珍
出版日期：1994
卷期：48
頁次：頁1-41
主題關鍵詞：兒童；電視釋義
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(9) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:8
  • 共同引用共同引用:14
  • 點閱點閱:125
　　　　　電視內容是經過高度人為處理的產品，同時又透過特殊的媒介性質呈現，於焉有其迴異的論域形式。兒童由於尚處於發展階段，在面對電視文本時的訊息處理可能呈現不同的型態或機制，而這個解讀機制或知識結構，在此暫稱「電視基模」，究竟包含何種機制或能力，是一個值得思索的問題。 本研究擬以電視論域分析為引介面，以電視的媒判特質與意涵為橫軸，以兒童接觸較多的節目型態為縱軸，針對每個相對應的交點，建立解讀機制的先備知識╱能力資料，依此發展出兒童電視釋義基模的結構。 本究研的目的，首先在於探索兒童解讀電視訊息的基模內涵（知識結構），以及建立兒童電視基模的測量雛型。其次，本研究希望進一步了解年齡、性別與電視媒體經驗是否會影響兒童電視基模的結構： 研究結果顯示： 1.整體而言，兒童對於電視的媒介特質有相當程度的了解，尤其在形式結構上的表現最佳，對於外延與內涵意義的理解則較弱。 2.年級（或可視之為認知發展）因為是一項強而有力的決定兒童電視知識（基模）的變項，性別則無顯著差異。 3.看電視時間的多寡與其電視知識量無顯著關聯。
　　　　　Children has been treated a special audience and as a result of such recognition, research attention has been focused on the impact of TV content on children's emotion, value system, and immediate responding behavior. However, the more fundamental question of "how children watch television?" has not been well searched. This study attempts to explore this issue from an interpretative schema perspective. Based on its dual-channel and unique symbolic representation structure and system, evision content had its own way of discoursive format. In the present study, three TV discoursive format has been identified for the alytic purpose: structural, connotation, and denotation. According to the program genre which children watch most, the horizontal dimensions includes advertisement, children programming, variety show, news, and drama. A total of 89 items of measurement was developed. The study concludes the following: 1.In general, children from 9 to 12 has relatively adequate TV knowledge to decode TV messages. Results show that children understand TV's format feature (structural system) better than underlying denotative and connotative meanings. 2.Cognitive development is the most significant factor to differentiate children's TV schema. Findings from the present study shows that 6 graders gained higher scores on all three categories form the measurement significantly. 3.The amount of viewing does not play a determined element on predicting children's TV knowledge. It means that The more TV children watch does not lead to more knowledge of understanding TV children watch does not lead to more knowledge of understanding TV content. Suggestions and recommendations for future studies are discussed in the paper.
期刊論文
1.Hoijer, Birgitta(1989)。Television-Evoked Thoughts and Their Relation to Comprehension。Communication Research，16(2)，179-203。  new window
2.Recht, D. R.、Leslie, L.(1988)。Effect of prior knowledge on good and poor readers' memory of text。Journal of Educational Psychology，80(1)，16-20。  new window
3.Luke, C.(1985)。Television discourse processing: A schema theoretic approach。Communication Education，34(2)，91-105。  new window
4.Katz, E.、Liebes, T.(1986)。Patterns of involvement in television fiction: A comparative analysis。European Journal of Communication，1(2)，151-171。  new window
5.Höijer, B.(1990)。Studying Viewers' Reception of Television Programmes: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations。European Journal of Communication，5(1)，29-56。  new window
6.Eke, R.、Croll, P.(1992)。Television formats and children's classifications of their viewing。Journal of Educational Television，18(2/3)，97-105。  new window
7.Allen, Robert、王湘茹、李寶慧(19900700)。電視觀眾角色的新詮釋。當代，51，52-69。  延伸查詢new window
8.吳翠珍(1992)。電視形式特質對兒童與電視研究的啓示。廣播與電視，創刊號，35-47。  延伸查詢new window
9.Ceci, S. J.、Caves, R. D.、Howe, M. J. A.(1981)。Children's Long-term Memory for information that is incongruous with their prior knowledge。British Journal of Psychology，72(4)，443-450。  new window
10.Collins, W. A.、Wellman, H.、Keniston, A. H.、Westby, S. D.(1978)。Age-Related Aspects of Comprehension and Inference from a Televised Dramatic Narrative。Child Development，49(2)，389-399。  new window
11.Curran, J.(1990)。The New revisionism in mass communication research: A reappraisal。European Journal of Commmunication，5(2)，135-164。  new window
12.Eckhardf, B. B.、Wood, M. R.、Jacobvitz, B. S.(1991)。Verbal ability and prior knowledge contributions to adult's comprehension of television。Communication Research，18(5)，636-649。  new window
13.Höijer, B.(1992)。Socio-cognitive structures and television reception。Media, Culture and Society，14(4)，583-603。  new window
14.Höijer, B.、Nowak, K.、Ross, S.(1992)。Reception of television as a cognitive and cultural process。Nordicom Review，1，1-13。  new window
15.Kulleseid, E. R.(1986)。Extending the Research Base: Scheme Theory, Cognitive Styles, and Types of Intelligence。School Library Media Quarterly，15(1)，41-48。  new window
16.Meadowcroft, J. M.、Reeves, B.(1989)。Influence, of story schema, development on children's attention to television。The Journal Communication Research，16(3)，352-374。  new window
17.Pillai, Poonaim(1992)。Rereading Stuart Hall's Encoding/decoding Model。Communication Theory，2(3)，221-233。  new window
18.Potts, G. R.、John, M. F.、Kirson, D.(1989)。Incorporating new information into existing world knowledge。Cognitive Psychology，21(3)，303-333。  new window
19.Schneider, W.、Körkel, J.、Weinert, F. E.(1989)。Domainspecific knowledge and memory performance: A comparison of high- and low- aptitude children。Journal of Educational Psychology，81(3)，306-312。  new window
20.Wilson, B. J.(1991)。Children's reactions to dreams conveted in mass media programming。Communication Research，18(3)，283-295。  new window
21.吳翠珍(19930200)。解「毒」電視?解讀電視!-- 談媒體教育中的電視識讀。教學科技與媒體，7，3-11。new window  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.翁秀琪(1992)。閱聽人研究的新趨勢-收訊分析的理論與方法。中華民國傳播教育發展方向系列研討會。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.張杏如(1987)。我國兒童電視節目現況之評估及未來製作方向之研究。信誼基金會學前兒童教育研究發展中心。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.Wu, S. T.(1989)。The forty-five hour alternative curriculum: A comparison of reported television and videotape viewing among Chinese, Puerto Rican, and White children(博士論文)。Teachers College, Columbia University。  new window
2.王小惠(1990)。青少年收看電視新聞的動機、主動性及收看程度三者關聯性之研究(碩士論文)。輔仁大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.梁玉芳(1991)。新聞基模之研究--專家與生手知識結構差異之探討(碩士論文)。政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.梁欣如(1991)。影響閱聽人解讀型態之因素研究：電視新聞之神話敘事體為例(碩士論文)。輔仁大學，臺北。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Fiske, John、Hartley, John(1978)。Reading Television。Methuen。  new window
2.Ong, W. J.(1982)。Orality and literacy: The technologizing of the world。Methuen。  new window
3.Neuman, S. B.(1991)。Literacy in the television age: The myth of the TV effect。New Jersey：Ablex Publishing Coorporation。  new window
4.Hodge, B.、Tripp, D.(1986)。Children and television。Cambridge：Polity Press。  new window
5.Palmer, P.(1986)。The lively audience :A study of children around the TV set。Allen and Unwin。  new window
6.Piaget, J.、Inhelder, B.(1969)。The Psychology of the Child。New York：Basic Books。  new window
7.Dorr, A.(1986)。Television and children: A special medium for a special audience。Beverly Hill, C.A.：Stage Publications。  new window
8.Bartlett, F. C.(1932)。Remembering。Cambridge：The Cambridge University Press。  new window
9.Fiske, Susan T.、Taylor, Shelley E.(1991)。Social Cognition。McGraw-Hill。  new window
10.Ang, Ien(1991)。Desperately Seeking The Audience。Routledge。  new window
11.張春興(1991)。張氏心理學。臺北：東華。  延伸查詢new window
12.吳知賢(1992)。兒童與電視。臺北：師大書苑。  延伸查詢new window
13.鍾蔚文(1992)。從媒介真實到主觀真實--看新聞，怎麼看?看到什麼?。臺北：正中。  延伸查詢new window
14.Ang, I.(1985)。Watching Dallas: Soap opera and the melodramatic imagination。Methuen。  new window
15.Downing, J.、Mohammadi, A.、Sreberny-Mohammadi, A.(1991)。Questioning the media: A critical introduction。New burry Park, CA：Sage。  new window
16.Bourne, L. E. Jr.、Dominowski, R. L.、Loftus, E. F.、Healy, A. F.(1986)。Cognitive processes。Hillsdale, NJ：Prentice-Hall。  new window
17.Lull, J.(1991)。Inside family viewing: ethnographic research on television's audiences。London：Routledge。  new window
18.Tulloch, J.(1990)。Television drama: Agency, audience and myth。London：Routledge。  new window
19.黃秀瑄、林瑞欽(1991)。認知心理學。臺北：師大書苑。  延伸查詢new window
20.van Dijk, Teun A.(1985)。Handbook of Discourse Analysis。Academic。  new window
21.Morley, David(1992)。Television, Audiences and Cultural Studies。Routledge。  new window
22.翁秀琪(1992)。大眾傳播理論與實證。台北：三民書局。new window  延伸查詢new window
單篇論文
1.Fernie, D.(1980)。Who flies, who cries ? Children's understanding of people from television and real Life(ED 221267)。  new window
其他
1.Alverez, M. C.，Risko, V. J.(1989)。Schema activation, construction, and application(ED312611)。  new window
圖書論文
1.Collins, W. A.(1981)。Schemata for understanding television。New direction for child development: viewing children through television。San Francisco：Jossey-Bass。  new window
2.Livingstone, S. M.(1991)。Audience Reception: The Role of the Viewer in Retelling Romantic Drama。Mass Media and Society。London：Edward Arnold。  new window
3.Hall, Stuart(1980)。Encoding/decoding。Culture, media, language: Working papers in cultural studies, 1972-1979。London：Hutchinson。  new window
4.Rumelhart, David E.(1984)。Schemata and the cognitive system。Handbook of Social Cognition。Hillsdale, New Jersey：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.。  new window
5.Brewer, W. F.、Nakamura, G. V.(1984)。The nature and functions of schemas。Handbook of social cognition。Hillsdale, NJ：LEA。  new window
6.Bryant, J.、Rockwell, S. C.(1991)。Evolving cognition models in mass communication reception processes。Responding to the screen: Reception and reaction processes。Hillsdale, NJ：LEA。  new window
7.Hawkins, R. P.、Daly, J.(1988)。Cognition and Communication。Advancing communication science: Merging mass and interpersonal processes。Newburry Park, CA：Sage。  new window
8.Jensen, K. B.(1991)。Media audences-reception analysis: Mass communication as the, social production of meaning。A handbook of qualitative methodologies for mass communication research。London：Routledge。  new window
9.Jensen, K. B.(1991)。When is meaning? Communication theory, pragmatism, and mass media reception。Communication yearbook。Newbury Park, CA：Sage。  new window
10.Moores, S.(1902)。Texts, readers and contexts of reading。Culture and power: A media, culture & society reader。London：Sage。  new window
11.Morley, D.、Silverstone, R.(1991)。Media audiences-communication and context: ethnographic petspectives on the media audience。A handbook of qualitative methodologies for mass communication research。London：Routledge。  new window
12.Wright, J. G.、Huston, A. G.(1981)。Children's understanding of the forms of television。New direction for child development: Viewing children through television。San Francisco, CA：Josse Bass。  new window
 
 
 
 
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