The investigation is an applied one. From the viewpoint of "the living arrangement system for the elderly", and extensive literature review, a multiple-case studies of thirty-seven in-home senior citizens in Taichung City, and a further analysis of the data from "the Survey of Health and Life-style of the Elderly in Taiwan" (by the Taiwan Provincial Institute of Family Planning) are conducted. The types and changing pattern of living arrangements among the elderly in Taiwan are examined. It is found that in traditional society, the care for and living arrangement of the elderly have close relation with the "Fong" principle of the Chinese kinship system. Due to the modernization of our society and upgrade in individual economic ability, as well as the cut between the mainlander with their linage, there are becoming more nuclear families and more elderly who live alone and separated from their offsprings. Some institutional new arrangements emerge too. It is also indicated that the existing types of housing in Taiwan repeetively have various defects in terms of space design and facilities provided for daily life of old folks in their different physical conditions. Besides, the study goes through the elderly welfare and living arrangement systems in Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore by field visit and literature review. It is found that the three societies heavily influenced by Confucianism have been developing a similar family-oriented welfare system for their elderly, and what we may take for reference. Based on the findings above and after the prediction of various indexes, the researcher, following the main values of social welfare and cultural rules, has proposed and ideal integral system of welfare and living arrangement for our elderly, and also suggested some possible step-by-step actions in order to approaching the ideal.