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| 2. | Schramm, W.(1955)。The process and effects of mass communication。Urbana, IL：University of Illinois Press。 |
| 3. | Woolfolk, A. E.(1995)。Educational Psychology。Allyn & Bacon。 |
| 4. | Gagne, Ellen D.、Yekovich, Frank R.、Yekovich, Carol Walker(1993)。The Cognitive Psychology of School Learning。New York, NY：Harper Collins College Publishers。 |
| 5. | 張玉成(1984)。教師發問技巧。臺北市：心理出版社有限公司。 延伸查詢 |
| 6. | 徐佳士(1987)。大眾傳播理論。台北：正中書局。 延伸查詢 |
| 7. | Gagne, Robert M.、Briggs, Leslie J.、Wager, Walter W.(1992)。Principles of Instructional Design。Fort Worth, TX：Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers。 |
| 8. | Gagné, Robert Mills(1985)。The Conditions of Learning and Theory of Instruction。Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc.。 |
| 9. | Gagné, R. M.(1974)。Essentials of learning for instruction。The Dryden Press。 |
| 10. | 張春興(1996)。教育心理學：三化取向的理論與實踐。東華書局。 延伸查詢 |