:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:唐宋官、職的分與合--關於制度史的動態考察
書刊名:歷史研究
作者:龔延明
作者(外文):Gong, Yanming
出版日期:2015
卷期:2015(5)
頁次:92-106+192
主題關鍵詞:唐宋官制官、職分合動態考察
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:32
  • 點閱點閱:178
傳統的職官制度史研究,一般以固定的官制為主要研究對象。但在制度執行過程中會不斷產生權宜官制,即"活"的制度。靜態的、固定的制度與權宜的、"活"的制度是制度發展過程中相互碰撞、相輔相成的兩大部分。因此,研究官制需將固定制度與"活"的制度結合起來,唐宋官、職的分與合即可作為這一研究的對象。官與職分離,始于唐高宗朝;經唐中、后期使職差遣逐漸取代職事官,產生名實不相符的"紊亂"局面。宋承唐制,官與職分離更甚,致官、職、差遣離而為三,成為常態;直到宋神宗元豐改制,"官復原職",才結束了官與職分離的"紊亂"局面,確立起以職事官、寄祿官、職名為核心的新官制。唐宋官、職長達430年的分合演變史,是固定官制與"活"的官制互動的典型。
Traditional research on institutional history usually focuses on fixed bureaucratic institutions.In the course of their implementation,however,such systems constantly give rise to expedient or "flexible" systems.Fixed and static systems collide with and complement expedient and flexible systems,constituting the two major elements in bureaucratic development.In studying bureaucracy,we need to combine the two,and here we can make the division and correspondence between officials and their posts in the Tang and Song dynasties the subject of our research.The division between officials and the duties of their posts started in the Tang Dynasty in the reign of Emperor Gaozong.During the middle and later Tang Dynasty,a "chaotic" situation arose in which officials’ titles did not match their duties with officials with fixed duties were replaced by officials specifically appointed.The Song Dynasty inherited this system from the Tang and increased the distance between officials and the positions they held,making the separation of official,his duties and his assignment an unwritten norm.It was not until the Yuanfeng Era that the institutional reforms of the Song Emperor Shenzong ended this chaotic situation,allowing "officials to return to the duties of their positions" with the establishment of a new bureaucratic system under which they were to perform their respective duties according to their titles and positions.The 430-year history of the division and correspondence between officials and their official duties is a representative example of the interaction between the fixed official system and its flexible counterpart.
期刊論文
1.劉後濱(2011)。「正名」與「正實」--從元豐改制看宋人的三省制理念。北京大學學報,2011(2),122-130。  延伸查詢new window
2.宮崎市定、于志嘉(19890100)。宋代官制序說:宋史職官志的讀法。大陸雜誌,78(1),12-25。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.李錦繡(2007)。唐代財政史稿。社會科學文獻出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.趙君平(2004)。唐竇展墓誌。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
3.鄧小南(1993)。宋代文官選任制度諸層面。河北教育出版社。  延伸查詢new window
4.李心傳、崔文印(1981)。舊聞證誤。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
5.張復華(19910000)。北宋中期以後之官制改革。臺北:文史哲。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.趙彥衛、傅根清(1996)。雲麓漫鈔。中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.牛來穎(2006)。天聖營繕令復原唐令研究。天一閣藏明鈔本天聖令校證:附唐令復原研究。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
2.(1977)。職官志。宋史。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
3.徐自明、王瑞來(1986)。建隆元年(960)八月甲申條。宋宰輔編年錄校補。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
4.鄧小南(2010)。走向"活"的制度史:以宋代官僚政治制度史研究為例的點滴思考。朗潤學史叢稿。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
5.孫國棟(2010)。宋代官制紊亂在唐制的根源。唐宋史論叢。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
6.李燾(2004)。仁宗天聖九年七月甲戌條。續資治通鑒長編。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
7.李燾(2004)。神宗熙寧三年(1070)十二月己巳條。續資治通鑒長編。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
8.李文澤、霞紹暉(2010)。百官表總序。司馬光集。成都:四川大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
9.杜佑(1988)。歷代官制總序。職官。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
10.雷聞(2003)。隋與唐前期的尚書省。盛唐政治制度研究。上海:上海辭書出版社。  延伸查詢new window
11.(1991)。南選。選部。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
12.(1991)。租稅。唐會要。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
13.司馬光(1956)。玄宗皇帝。唐紀。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
14.(1975)。楊炎傳。新唐書。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
15.杜佑(1988)。歷代制。選舉典。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
16.周紹良、趙趄(2001)。神龍019•大唐故銀青光祿大夫□□□侍郎贈禮部尚書韋府君(承慶)墓誌銘。唐代墓誌彙編續集。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
17.(1975)。郭知運傳。舊唐書。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
18.洪丕謨、張伯元、沈敖大(1992)。楊國忠右相制。大臣•宰相•命相。上海:學林出版社。  延伸查詢new window
19.(1991)。度支使。尚書省諸司。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
20.(2010)。錄文。李峴墓誌。杭州:西泠印社。  延伸查詢new window
21.李獻奇、郭引強(1996)。故朝散大夫國子司業官守河東縣令竇伯陽夫人太原郭氏志銘。洛陽新獲墓誌。北京:文物出版社。  延伸查詢new window
22.李獻奇、郭引強(1996)。唐故朝請大夫守衛尉卿柱國分司東都賜紫金魚袋劉公墓誌銘。洛陽新獲墓誌。北京:文物出版社。  延伸查詢new window
23.(1992)。中書舍人。中書省。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
24.(1975)。吳通玄傳。舊唐書。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
25.(1975)。賈至傳。新唐書。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
26.(1975)。第五琦傳。舊唐書。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
27.(1975)。韋堅傳。舊唐書。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
28.(1975)。楊國忠傳。舊唐書。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
29.馬端臨(1986)。官制總序。職官考。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
30.(2014)。官制別錄。宋會要輯稿。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
31.李燾(2004)。太祖開寶四年(971)二月辛卯條。續資治通鑒長編。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
32.(1979)。碑碣•有唐善人墓碑(長慶元年)。白居易集。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
33.賈島(1960)。送裴校書。全唐詩。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
34.(1989)。墓誌。北宋。鄭州:中州古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
35.章如愚(1992)。列曹尚書•宋。群書考索•後集。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
36.林願(1992)。六部•宋。古今年源流至論•續集。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
37.(1977)。禮志。宋史。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
38.李錦繡(1998)。唐代直官制。官制。北京:中國政法大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
39.李錦繡(2006)。唐倉庫令復原研究。天一閣藏明鈔本天聖令校證。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
40.(1991)。元和七年五月條。泉貨門。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
41.(2006)。清本•獄官令。天一閣藏明鈔本天聖令校證。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
42.胡石壁(1987)。約束州縣屬官不許違法用刑。名公書判清明集。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
43.(1977)。合班之制。職官志。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
44.李昌憲(1988)。宋代文官帖職制度。文史。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
45.李昌憲(2013)。宋代文官帖職制度。五代兩宋時期政治制度研究。北京:三聯書店。  延伸查詢new window
46.趙升、王瑞來(2007)。拈職。朝野類要。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
47.(1962)。富弼拜昭文相制•嘉祐三年六月丙辰。宋大詔令集。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
48.(2004)。蘇州謝就除禮部員外郎充天章閣待製錶。范仲淹全集。南京:鳳凰出版社。  延伸查詢new window
49.龔延明(2013)。北宋改革家范仲淹仕履官銜系年考釋。中國古代制度史研究。杭州:浙江大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
50.李燾(2004)。仁宗景祐二年三月己丑條。續資治通鑒長編。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
51.李燾(2004)。仁宗康定元年五月己卯條。續資治通鑒長編。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
52.李燾(2004)。仁宗康定元年八月庚戌條。續資治通鑒長編。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
53.陸增祥(1985)。峴山石幢題刻•王洙等峴山詩。宋。北京:文物出版社。  延伸查詢new window
54.程俱(2000)。職掌。麟台故事校證。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
55.錢大昕(1989)。跋宋史。潛研堂文集。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
56.王應麟(1987)。元豐新定官制•正官名。玉海。南京:上海:江蘇古籍出版社:上海書店出版社。  延伸查詢new window
57.李燾(2004)。神宗元豐五年四月甲戌條。續資治通鑒長編。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
58.(1977)。敘遷之制•元豐寄祿格。職官志。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
59.(2014)。吏部。宋會要輯稿•職官。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
60.李燾(2004)。神宗元豐三年九月乙亥條。續資治通鑒長編。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
61.(1977)。奉祿制上•元豐制行。職官志。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
62.趙善沛(1081)。[元豐官志•三省總論]序。元豐官志•三省總論。  延伸查詢new window
63.劉敞。上仁宗論詳定官制。宋朝諸臣奏議。  延伸查詢new window
64.(1977)。銓法。選舉志。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
65.(1977)。戶部。職官志。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
66.趙善沛(1081)。禮部尚書。元豐官志。  延伸查詢new window
67.趙善沛(1081)。兵部尚書。元豐官志。  延伸查詢new window
68.(1977)。兵部。職官志。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
69.趙善沛(1081)。刑部尚書。元豐官志。  延伸查詢new window
70.(1977)。刑部。職官志。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
71.趙善沛(1081)。工部尚書。元豐官志。  延伸查詢new window
72.(1977)。工部。職官志。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
73.徐自明、王瑞來(1986)。元豐三年九月乙亥。宋宰輔編年錄校補。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
74.李燾(2004)。元祐元年四月癸丑條載劉摯言。續資治通鑒長編。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
75.(2014)。秘書省。宋會要輯稿•職官。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
76.(1977)。總閣學士。職官志。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
77.司馬光。上哲宗乞以十科舉人。宋朝諸臣奏議。  延伸查詢new window
78.李燾(2004)。元祐元年九月癸未條。續資治通鑒長編。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
79.(1975)。王鉷傳。舊唐書。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
80.嚴耕望(1969)。論唐代尚書省之職權與地位。唐史研究叢稿。香港:新亞研究所。new window  延伸查詢new window
81.雷聞(2006)。唐開元獄官令復原研究。天一閣藏明鈔本天聖令校證。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
82.張國剛(1994)。唐代階官與職事官的階官化。唐代政治制度研究論集。臺北:文津出版社。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE