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題名：Adolescent Self-Identity and Mental Health: The Function of Identity Importance, Identity Firmness, and Identity Discrepancy
書刊名：中華心理學刊
作者：陳坤虎／雷庚玲 引用關係／吳英璋 引用關係／姚開屏 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chen, Kun-hu／Lay, Keng-ling／Wu, Yin-chang／Yao, Grace
出版日期：2007
卷期：49:1
頁次：頁53-72
主題關鍵詞：認同重要性；認同確定性；認同落差；青少年；身心健康；Identity importance；Identity firmness；Identity discrepancy；Adolescence；Mental health
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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Erik Erikson主張「自我認同」為青少年期的主要發展要務，並認為認同概念可解釋心理病理的發展。本研究承襲Erikson之理論，藉「認同重要性」與「認同確定性」的構念探討青少年之心理健康。「認同重要性」由Chen, Lay, and Wu(2005)根據Cheek(1989)對於認同需求的實徵測量方法與對認同面向的區分，而設計出對個人、社會、與形象認同需求之測量。「認同確定性」源自Erikson所強調認同的連續性與同一性，而由Chen et al.(2005)發展個體對於認同同一感之確定程度的測量，亦區分為個人、社會、形象認同三個面向。此外，本研究另提出「認同重要性」與「認同確定性」之落差概念，並主張「認同落差」可預測心理健康。研究一(N=203)採用「已知群體法」，比較「健康控制組」(N=85)與「身心疾病組」(N=56)的大學生在以上三種認同指標上的差異。結果顯示「認同確定性」與「認同落差」的組間差異達到顯著。研究一進一步以迴歸分析檢視「認同落差」的涵意，結果發現雖「認同落差」對於「身心症狀量表」之預測力較「認同重要性」佳，但卻與「認同確定性」無異。此外，認同重要性與身心症狀指標在身心疾病組為正相關，在健康控制組卻為負相關。研究二(N=185)重複檢驗研究一的結果，比較「健康控制組」(N=65)與「神經官能症組」(N=56)的大學生在以上三種認同指標上的差異。結果仍顯示「認同確定性」與「認同落差」的組間差異達到顯著。迴歸分析的結果則發現，「認同落差」對於以SCL-90R為測量工具之十項心理疾病指標之預測力較「認同重要性」為佳且亦幾乎皆較「認同確定性」佳。此外，認同重要性與SCL-90R之GSI指標在神經官能症組為正相關，在健康控制組卻為負相關。整體而言，本研究指出認同確定性與認同落差對身心健康之正、負向預測力，而認同重要性在健康個體與適應不良的個體中，可能分別扮演正面與負面的不同角色。但在認同重要性與確定性同為低分的受試者中，認同落差的作用方式及其與身心健康的關係，則仍需於未來研究中進一步探討。
This study examines how three features of self-identity, namely, identity importance, identity firmness, and identity discrepancy, are related to adolescent mental health. In Study 1 (N=203), college students designated as the healthy-control group (N=85) demonstrated higher identity firmness and lower identity discrepancy than those designated as the psychosomatic group (N=56). Three multiple regression analyses indicated that identity discrepancy was a better predictor of psychosomatic reactions than identity importance, yet its predictability did not differ from identity firmness. Findings of Study 1 were replicated in Study 2 (N=185). Another group of college students designated as the healthy-control group (N=65) demonstrated higher identity firmness and lower identity discrepancy than those designated as the neurosis group (N=56). Study 2 also indicated that identity discrepancy was a better predictor than identity firmness for almost all of the subscales included in the SCL-90R. The present study concluded that the newly developed concept of identity discrepancy" offers a unique view for understanding adolescent mental health, provided that the individual is not at a state of both low identity importance and low identity firmness.
期刊論文
1.雷庚玲(19991200)。Erikson之心理社會階段理論於921震災後兒童心理復健之應用。中華心理衛生學刊，12(4)，93-128。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Bourne, E.(1978)。The state of research on ego identity: A review and appraisal。Journal of Youth and Adolescence，7(3)，223-251。  new window
3.Bourne, E.(1978)。The state of research on ego identity: A review and appraisal。Journal of Youth and Adolescence，7(4)，371-392。  new window
4.陳坤虎、雷庚玲、吳英璋(20050900)。不同階段青少年之自我認同內容及危機探索之發展差異。中華心理學刊，47(3)，249-268。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.Higgins, E. Tory(1987)。Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect。Psychological Review，94(3)，319-340。  new window
6.陳慶餘、吳英璋(19870400)。以生物心理社會模式探討臺大新生之身心症狀。中華心理衛生學刊，3(1)，89-105。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.Marcia, J. E.(1966)。Development and Validation of Ego-identity Status。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，3(5)，551-558。  new window
8.蔡茂堂、文榮光、林信男、宋維村、陳珠璋(19780700)。精神科門診病人自填症狀量表之應用經驗。中華民國神經精神醫學會會刊，4(2)，47-56。  延伸查詢new window
9.Cote, J. E.、Levine, C.(1988)。A Critical Examination of the Ego Identity Status Paradigm。Developmental Review，8，147-184。  new window
10.Marcia, J. E.、Friedman, M. L.(1970)。Ego Identity Status in College Women。Journal of Personality，38，249-263。  new window
11.Cross, H.、Allen, J.(1970)。Ego Identity Status, Adjustment, and Academic Achievement。Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology，34(2)，288。  new window
12.Marcia, J. E.(1967)。Ego Identity Status: Relationships to Change in Self-esteem, "General Maladjustment," and Authoritarianism。Journal of Personality，35，119-133。  new window
13.Bronson, G. W.(1959)。Identity Diffusion in Late Zdolescents。Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology，59，414-417。  new window
14.Orlofsky, J. L.(1978)。Identity Formation, Achievement, and Fear of Success in College Men and Women。Journal of Youth and Adolescence，7，49-62。  new window
15.Dollinger, S, J.、Preston, L. A.、O'Brien, S. P.、DiLalla, D. L.(1996)。Individuality and Relatedness of the Self: An Autophotographic Study。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，71，1268-1278。  new window
16.Tobacyk, J.(1981)。Personality Differentiation, Effectiveness of Personality Integration, and Mood in Female College Students。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，41，348-356。  new window
17.Moretti, M. M.、Wiebe, V. J.(1999)。Self-discrepancy in Adolescence: Own and Parental Standpoints on the Self。Merrill-Palmer Quarterly，45，624-649。  new window
18.Constantinople, A.(1970)。Some Correlates of Average Level of Happiness among College Students。Developmental Psychology，12，363-364。  new window
19.van Hoof, A.(1999)。The Identity Status Filed Rereviewed: An Update of Unresolved and Neglected Issues with a View on Some Alternative Approaches。Developmental Review，19，497-556。  new window
20.Adams, G. R.、Bennion, L. D.、Openshaw, D, K.、Bingham, C. R.(1990)。Windows of Vulnerability: Identifying Critical Age, Gender, and Racial Differences Predictive of Risk for Violent Deaths in Childhood and Adolescence。Journal of Primary Prevention，10，223-240。  new window
會議論文
1.Chen, K. H.、Lay, K. L.、Wu, Y. C.(2003)。Sense of Identity Firmness and Positive Mental Health。0。  new window
2.Erikson, J. M.、Erikson, E. H.(1950)。Growth and Crises of the "Healthy Personality"。0。91-146。  new window
圖書
1.Jahoda, Marie(1958)。Current Concepts of Positive Mental Health。New York, NY：Basic Books。  new window
2.Kivnick, Helen Q.、Erikson, Joan Mowat、Erikson, Erik Homburger(1997)。Vital Involvement in Old Age: The Experience of Old Age in Our Time。W. W. Norton and Company。  new window
3.Adams, G. R.、Gullotta, T. P.、Markstrom-Adams, C.(1994)。Adolescent life experiences。Pacific Grove, CA：Brooks。  new window
4.Portney, L. G.、Watkins, M. P.(2000)。Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice。Upper Saddle River, NJ：Prentice-Hall。  new window
5.Rogers, C. R.(1951)。Client-center therapy。Boston：Houghton Mifflin。  new window
6.Lazarus, R. S.(1976)。Psychological stress and the coping process。New York：McGraw-Hill。  new window
7.Waterman, A. S.(1984)。The Psychology of Individualism。New York, NY：Praeger。  new window
8.Erikson, Erik Homburger(1963)。Childhood and Society。W. W. Norton Publishing Co.。  new window
9.Erikson, E. H.(1953)。Identity: Youth and Crisis。Identity: Youth and Crisis。New York, NY。  new window
10.Derogatis, L. R.(1977)。The SCL-90R Manual I: Scoring, Administration and Procedure for the SCL-90R。Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine。  new window
11.Wolman, B. B.(1988)。Psychosomatic Disorders。Psychosomatic Disorders。New York, NY。  new window
12.Edelbrock, C.(1988)。Diagnosis and Classification。Handbook of Behavior Therapy in Education。New York, NY。  new window
13.Baumeister, R. F.(1991)。Identity Crisis。Encyclopedia of Adolescence。New York, NY。  new window
圖書論文
1.Blasi, A.(1988)。Identity and the development of the self。Self, ego and identity-Integrative approaches。NewYork：Springer-Verlag。  new window
2.Waterman, A. S.(1992)。Identity as an aspect of optimal psychological functioning。Adolescent Identity Formation。Newbury Park, CA：Sage。  new window
3.Cheek, J. M.(1989)。Identity Orientations and Self-Interpretation。Personality psychology: Recent trends and emerging directions。Springer Verlag。  new window
4.Irwin, C. E.(1987)。Adolescent Social Behavior and Health。New Directions for Child Development。San Francisco, CA：Jossey-Bass。  new window
 
 
 
 
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