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題名：A Comparative Study of Human Translation and Machine Translation with Post-Editing
書刊名：編譯論叢
作者：李家睿／廖柏森 引用關係
作者(外文)：Lee, Jason／Liao, Posen
出版日期：2011
卷期：4:2
頁次：頁105-149
主題關鍵詞：機器翻譯；後編輯；Google translate；Machine translation；Post-editing
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:4
  • 點閱點閱:40
日新月異的科技演進已大幅增進機器翻譯（machine translation）的品質，成為翻譯時的輔助工具。然而我們目前對於人工翻譯與自動機器翻譯系統加後編輯的差異仍缺乏足夠認識，因此本研究旨在比較這兩種翻譯模式的異同與過程。研究方法以不同英文程度的兩組大學生共140人為研究對象，請他們翻譯英文版的手機保養指南。兩組中各有一部份學生只拿到英文原文，另一部份學生則多了機器翻譯的中文譯文以進行後編輯。考量機器翻譯使用的便利性及免付費，故中文譯文取自於Google Translate。研究中記錄研究對象翻譯過程所花費的時間，並利用錯誤分析評估其譯文表現。統計結果顯示，使用機器翻譯的譯文能夠顯著減少某些學生的翻譯錯誤，亦能縮減學生英文程度落差對於譯文表現的影響。此外，質性分析更進一步闡明學生如何使用機器翻譯譯文的過程，以及不同組別之間的譯文差異。這些機器翻譯後端的分析可說明人工應用機器輔助翻譯的實際情況，也指出學生翻譯上的問題，希望能作為日後機器翻譯研究與教學的參考。
With rapid advances in technology, many improvements have been made to make machine translation (MT) an effective tool for translators in the process of translation. However, an important issue that has not been extensively investigated is the use of automatic MT systems with postediting in comparison to human translation. The purpose of the present study, therefore, is to explore the similarities, differences, and processes of these two modes of translation. In terms of research methods, two groups of college students with different English proficiency levels were asked to translate a cell phone user guide written in English. In each group, some students received only the English source text while others received the source text in addition to a machine-translated Chinese text for postediting. Google Translate was the MT system used in this study because of its easy and free accessibility. A total of 140 subjects were timed on their translation tasks, and their performance was determined by the number of errors in the translated text. The statistical results indicated that the MT text was very helpful in reducing errors in some student translations; the use of MT also shortened the gap between students of divergent language proficiency levels. Further qualitative analysis elucidated how the MT text was utilized and the discrepancies in lexical choice and other aspects between the two groups of students. This back-end analysis of the machine translation process may offer insights into the practical use of humanassisted machine translation, as well as problems encountered by students when translating. It is hoped that these results may serve as a basis to facilitate future machine translation studies and teaching.
期刊論文
1.史宗玲(20070600)。Mapping Out Students' Translation Process: An MT-specific Comparative Study。翻譯學研究集刊，10，161-188。new window  new window
2.Hutchins, J.(2005)。Example-based machine translation: A review and commentary。Machine Translation，19，197-211。  new window
3.Richmond, I. M.(1994)。Doing it backwards: Using translation software to teach target-language grammaticality。Computer Assisted Language Learning，7，65–78。  new window
4.Guzmán, R.(2007)。Manual MT post-editing: “If it’s not broken, don’t fix it!”。Translation Journal，11，4。  new window
5.Allen, J.(2001)。Post-editing or no post-editing?。International Journal for Language and Documentation，8，41-42。  new window
6.Hale, S.、Campbell, S.(2002)。The interaction between text difficulty and translation accuracy。Babel，48(1)，14-33。  new window
7.Sampaio, G. R. L.(2007)。Mastering sight translation skills。Tradução & Comunicação，16，63-69。  new window
8.Stix, G.(2006)。The elusive goal of machine translation。Scientific American，294(3)，92-95。  new window
9.Xiao, R.、McEnery, T.、Qian, Y.(2006)。Passive constructions in English and Chinese: A corpus-based contrastive study。Language in Contrast，6(1)，109-149。  new window
會議論文
1.Fulford, Heather(2002)。Freelance translators and machine translation: An investigation of perceptions, uptake, experience and training needs。Sixth EAMT Workshop, Teaching Machine Translation。Manchester, UK：Centre for Computational Linguistics, UMIST。117-122。  new window
2.賴慈芸(2003)。他們走了多遠？--大學部學生、翻譯所學生與專業譯者的翻譯表現比較。第八屆口筆譯教學研討會。臺北：國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.Itagaki, M.、Aikawa, T.、He, X.(2007)。Automatic validation of terminology translation consistency with statistical method。Copenhagen, Denmark.。  new window
4.Kliffer, M. D.(2005)。An experiment in MT post-editing by a class of intermediate/ advanced French majors。Budapest, Hungary。  new window
5.Liu, Q.、Hou, H.、Lin, S.、Qian, Y.(2005)。Introduction to China’s HTRDP machine translation evaluation。Phuket, Thailand。  new window
6.Allen, J.(2004)。Case study: implementing MT for the translation of pre-sales marketing and post-sales software deployment documentation。Washington, DC, USA。1-6。  new window
7.Chan, Y. S.、Ng, T. H.(2008)。MAXSIM: A maximum similarity metric for machine translation evaluation。Ohio, USA。  new window
8.Chang, P.C.、Galley, M.、Manning, C.D.(2008)。Optimizing Chinese word segmentation for machine translation performance。Columbus, Ohio, USA。  new window
9.Gaspari, F.(2001)。Teaching machine translation to trainee translators: A survey of their knowledge and opinions。Spain。  new window
10.Yuste, E.(2001)。Making MT commonplace in translation training curricula —— Too many misconceptions, so much potential!。Spain。  new window
11.Mauser, A.、Hasan, S.、Ney, H.(2008)。Automatic evaluation measures for statistical machine translation system optimization。Morocco。  new window
12.Senez, D.(1998)。Post-editing service for machine translation users at the European Commission。London, UK。  new window
學位論文
1.Wong, T. M.(2008)。Machine translation and evaluation: Online systems。City University of Hong Kong。  new window
2.Guerra, L.(2003)。Human translation versus machine translation and full post-editing of raw machine translation output。Dublin City University，Dublin。  new window
圖書
1.Shih, C. L.(2006)。Helpful assistance to translators: MT and TM。Taipei：Bookman Books。  new window
2.Chomsky, Noam(1975)。The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory。Chicago：University of Chicago Press。  new window
3.Hatim, B.、Munday, J.(2004)。Translation: an advanced resource book。London：Routledge。  new window
4.Hutchins, W. J.、Somers, H. L.(1992)。An Introduction to Machine Translation。London。  new window
5.Arnold, D. J.、Balkan, L.、Meijer S.、Humphreys, R. Lee、Sadler, L.(1994)。Machine translation: An introductory guide。Manchester：Oxford：National Computer Centre Blackwell Ltd.。  new window
6.Robin, T.(2008)。Practice makes perfect: Intermediate English grammar for ESL Learners。New York。  new window
7.Somers, H.(2003)。Computers and translation: A translator’s guide。Amsterdam。  new window
8.Newton, J.(1992)。Introduction and overview。Computers in translation —— A practical appraisal。London。  new window
9.Allen, J.(2003)。Post-editing。Computers and translation: A translator’s guide。Amsterdam & Philadelphia。  new window
10.Bowker, L.(2002)。Why do translators need to learn about technology?。Computer-aided translation technology: A practical introduction。Ottawa。  new window
11.Hutchins, J.(2001)。Machine translation。An encyclopaedia of translation。Hong Kong。  new window
其他
1.Hutchins, J.(2003)。Computer-based translation systems and tools，http://www.hutchinsweb.me.uk/BCS-NLT-2003.pdf， 20091015。  new window
2.NIST(2008)。NIST 2008 open machine translation evaluation —— official evaluation results，http://www.itl.nist.gov/iad/， 20091015。  new window
3.Tanner, A.(2007)。Google seeks world of instant translations，http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1921881520070328， 20091121。  new window
圖書論文
1.Hutchins, W. J.(1995)。Machine Translation: A Brief History。Concise History of the Language Sciences: From the Sumerians to the Cognitivists。Oxford：Pergamon Press。  new window
2.Pym, Anthony(1992)。Translation error analysis and the interface with language teaching。Teaching translation and interpreting: Training, talent and experience。John Benjamins。  new window
3.Gross, Alex(1992)。Limitations of computers as translation tools。Computers in Translation: A Practical Appraisal。London：Routledge。  new window
 
 
 
 
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