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題名：對情境主義挑戰的可能回應：有關荀子「推類」與「虛壹而靜」的考察
書刊名：哲學與文化
作者：王華
作者(外文)：Wang, Hua
出版日期：2014
卷期：41:3=478
頁次：頁97-120
主題關鍵詞：德行；情境主義；荀子；道德心理學；Virtue；Situationism；Xunzi；Moral psychology
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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當代德行倫理理論面對的挑戰之一係來自於情境主義。許多西方德行倫理學者，在依據亞里斯多德倫理學對德行的認識架構下，對這個挑戰作出了回應。近幾年也有學者如E. Slingerland、E. Hutton、與D. Mower開始意識到西方德行倫理理論可能的不足，轉而在中國儒家哲學中找尋回應的靈感。本文承續這些討論，進一步探討荀子理論中佔重要地位的「推類」與「虛壹而靜」等能力，並據此提出對情境主義挑戰的一個可能回應。本文論述將分為三個部分：首先，筆者釐清情境主義挑戰背後牽涉的一個核心質疑，並檢討西方倫理學現存回應之不足。接著透過檢視Hutton與Mower的回應，闡明考察荀子理論在這個議題上的重要性，以及這些現有回應尚未處理的問題。第三部分則探討荀子理論對這些問題可能的處理方式，據此進一步探索其對情境主義挑戰的可能回應。筆者尤其著重討論「推類」、「虛、壹、靜」等能力內涵與情境論戰的相關性，並由此進一步發展荀子德行養成之道德心理理論，以作為回應情境挑戰之核心質疑的初步工作。筆者也在文末指出未來進一步研究的方向。
One of the challenges that confront contemporary theories of virtue ethics stems from situationism. Many virtue ethicists respond to this challenge from the framework of Aristotelian virtue ethics. More recently, scholars such as E. Slingerland, E. Hutton and D. Mower became dissatisfied with western virtual ethical theories and turned to Confucian ethics for inspiration. To further this discussion, this paper investigates the prominent capacities addressed in Xunzi's theory, such as analogical projection, and hsi, yi and ching, in order to suggest a potential reply to the situationist challenge. This paper is divided into three parts: first, the author clarifies the core question behind the situationist challenge and reflects on the shortcomings of the current responses offered by Aristotelian virtue ethicists. Then, through the responses of Hutton and Mower, the author illustrates the pertinence of Xunzi's theories in this regard, and points out the questions their responses haven't dealt with. The third part investigates the possible responses Xunzi's theory may offer to deal with these questions, and thus further explores a potential reply to the situationist challenge. The author focuses on how ”analogical projection”, and ”hsi, yi, ching” are related to the situationist debate. Based on this discussion, she develops Xunzi's moral psychology for moral cultivation as a preliminary response to the core question of the situationist challenge. Finally, the author points out the direction for further research.
期刊論文
1.Gigerenzer, G.、Brighton, H.(2009)。Homo Heuristicus: Why Biased Minds Make Better Inferences。Topics in Cognitive Science，1(1)，107-143。  new window
2.何淑靜(20111200)。由「聖人」看荀子的「知禮義」與「虛壹靜」。當代儒學研究，11，47+49-75。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Cua, A. S.(1977)。The Conceptual Aspect of Hsun Tzu's Philosophy of Human Nature。Philosophy East and West，27(4)，373-389。  new window
4.Kristjansson(2008)。An Aristotelian Critique of Situationism。M Philosophy，83(1)，55-76。  new window
5.Kamtekar(2004)。Situationism and Virtue Ethics on the Content of Our Character。Ethics，114，458-491。  new window
6.Mower(2011)。Situationism and Confucian Virtue Ethics。Ethical Theory and Moral Practice，16(1)，113-137。  new window
7.Merritt, M. W.(2000)。Virtue Ethics and Situationist Personality Psychology。Ethical Theory and Moral Practice，3(4)，365-383。  new window
8.Slingerland, Edward(2011)。''Of What Use Are the Odes?" Cognitive Science, Virtue Ethics, and Early Confucian Ethics。Philosophy East and West，61(1)，80-109。  new window
9.Stalnaker, A.(2003)。Aspects of Xunzi's engagement with early Daoism。Philosophy East and West，53(1)，87-129。  new window
10.Annas, J.(2003)。Virtue ethics and social psychology。A Priori，2，20-34。  new window
11.Hutton, Eric L.(2006)。Character, Situationism, and Early Confucian thought。Philosophical Studies，127，37-58。  new window
12.Miller, C.(2003)。Social Psychology and Virtue Ethics。Journal of Ethics，7(4)，365-392。  new window
13.Yearley, Lee H.(1980)。Hsün Tzu on the Mind: His Attempted Synthesis of Confucianism and Taoism。The Journal of Asian Studies，39(3)，465-480。  new window
14.潘小慧(19980600)。荀子的「解蔽心」--荀學作為道德實踐論的人之哲學理解。哲學與文化，25(6)=289，516-536+589-590。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.Haidt, Jonathan(2001)。The Emotional Dog and Its Rational Tail: A Social Intuitionist Approach to Moral Judgment。Psychological Review，108(4)，814-834。  new window
16.Gigerenzer, Gerd、Gaissmaier, Wolfgang(2011)。Heuristic Decision Making。Annual Review of Psychology，62，451-482。  new window
17.Harman, G.(2003)。No character or personality。Business Ethics Quarterly，13(1)，87-94。  new window
18.Webber, J.(2006)。Virtue, character and situation。Journal of Moral Philosophy，3(2)，193-213。  new window
19.Doris, J. M.(1998)。Persons, situations, and virtue ethics。Nous，32(4)，504-530。  new window
20.Slingerland, Edward(2011)。The Situationist Critique and Early Confucian Virtue Ethics。Ethics，121(2)，390-419。  new window
圖書
1.孫偉(2010)。重塑儒家之道--荀子思想再考察。北京：人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
2.Russell, D. C.(2009)。Practical intelligence and the virtues。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
3.Cu, Antonio S.(1998)。Moral Vision and Tradition: Essays in Chinese Ethics。Washington DC：Catholic University of America Press。  new window
4.柯雄文、賴顯邦(1990)。倫理論辯：荀子道徳認識論之研究。臺北：黎明文化圖書出版公司。  延伸查詢new window
5.Doris, John M.(2002)。Lack of Character。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
6.Lee, Janghee(2005)。Xunzi and Early Chinese Naturalism。Albany：State Univ. of New York Press。  new window
7.Snow, N. E.(2010)。Virtue as Social Intelligence: An Empirically Grounded Theory。New York：Routledge。  new window
8.Latané, B.、Darley, J. M.(1970)。The unresponsive bystander: Why doesn't he help?。New York：Appleton-Century-Crofts。  new window
9.荀卿、王先謙、楊倞(1973)。荀子集解。臺北：藝文印書館。  延伸查詢new window
10.Mischel, W.(1968)。Personality and assessment。New York：John Wiley and Sons。  new window
11.Chong, Kim-Chong(2007)。Early Confucian Ethics: Concepts and Arguments。Open Court。  new window
12.Ross, L.、Nisbett, R. E.(1991)。The person and the situation: Perspectives of social psychology。Philadelphia：Temple University Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.Slingerland, Edward(2010)。Toward an Empirically Responsible Ethics: Cognitive Science, Virtue Ethics, and Effortless Attention in Early Chinese Thought。Effortless Attention: A New Perspective in the Cognitive Science of Attention and Action。MIT Press。  new window
2.Doris, J. M.、Stich, S. P.(2005)。As a matter of fact: Empirical perspectives on ethics。The Oxford handbook of contemporary philosophy。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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