This study investigates the dialogue social welfare and evolution theory of biology through women welfare policy in Taiwan. From the perspective of North’s institutionalism, it showed protection of women in state attention and sustained risk of women. This article accepted the adaptation in environment on evolution theory of biology. First, it made a description showed the challenge of the evolution theory in social science. Additionally, it illustrated the origin of notion in women welfare and analyzed the women welfare about bearing, rearing, and policy in Taiwan. Then, it interpreted sustained risk of women about the collapse of altruism, the passion of aggression, the division of labor in gender, and the asymmetric spread of gene through evolution theory. Finally, it is provided the possible of breakthrough and limit of social welfare in evolution theory.