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題名:上古漢語未來時標記「將」重探
書刊名:語言暨語言學
作者:巫雪如 引用關係
作者(外文):Wu, Hsuehju
出版日期:2015
卷期:16:2
頁次:頁249-277
主題關鍵詞:上古漢語未來時標記情態時態Old ChineseFuture markModalityTenseJiang
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:48
  • 點閱點閱:65
本文以上古漢語重要的未來時標記「將」為研究對象。「將」在上古除用作未來時標記外,還可兼表各類情態語義。歷來學者對於「將」的未來時詞彙來源以及「將」所表達的未來時與情態語義間的關係及發展,意見相當紛歧。本文透過深入辨析上古傳世及出土文獻中動詞「將」的各類語義及用法,以檢討歷來學者所提出的意見。本文的結論是,就目前可見的文獻語料來看,「將」的未來時標記用法乃由與「且」同源且表「往」義之趨向動詞發展而來的可能性是較大的。根據Fleischman(1982)等學者的研究,由空間概念發展而來的未來時標記,其演變過程可不需要經過情態階段而直接發展為單純的未來時標記。由於「將」的未來時標記也是由空間概念發展而來,因此可表達單純的未來時間定位。至於「將」的各類情態語義則是在未來時的基礎上由語境或語用引申出來,文中同時詳細分析這些情態語義的引申過程。
This paper takes the major future marker jiang (將) in Old Chinese as the object of study. In addition to serving as a deictic to locate a situation posterior to the time reference, jiang can also express various modal notions such as prediction, intention, probability, or necessity. There is wide divergence of opinion among the scholars as to the questions of whether jiang is essentially a marker of future time with modal connotations or a modal auxiliary verb with future implication, and from what lexical source jiang derives its future-marking function. This paper reviews these opinions by way of thoroughly examining and analyzing the meanings and usages of jiang in Old Chinese texts. The conclusion is that the probable lexical source of jiang is a directional verb meaning GO, from which jiang evolves directly into a future marker, bypassing the modal stage. The modal meanings implied by jiang are overtones of the idea of futurity and induced by context and pragmatic strategy. The question of how these modal meanings are induced is also discussed in this paper.
期刊論文
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4.黃德寬(2002)。說遲。古文字研究,22,272-276。  延伸查詢new window
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6.金夢(2006)。《詩經》中「將」字用法考析。重慶郵電學院學報,3,412-415。  延伸查詢new window
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9.石毓智、白解紅(2007)。將來時的概念結構及其詞彙來源。外語教學與研究,39(1),33-42。  延伸查詢new window
10.左思民(2007)。漢語時體標記系統的古今類型變化。漢語學報,2,11-23。  延伸查詢new window
11.魏培泉(20010300)。「弗」、「勿」拼合說新證。中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊,72(1),121-215。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.徐中舒(19360300)。金文嘏辭釋例。中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊,6(1),1-44。new window  延伸查詢new window
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14.Fries, Charles C.(1927)。The Expression of the Future。Language,3(2),87-95。  new window
會議論文
1.大西克也(2002)。從方言的角度看時間副詞「將」、「且」在戰國秦漢出土文獻中的分布。紀念王力先生誕辰100週年語言學國際學術研討會。商務印書館。152-158。  延伸查詢new window
2.Bybee, Joan L.、Pagliuca, William(1987)。The Evolution of Future Meaning。7th International conference on Historical Linguistics。John Benjamins。109-122。  new window
學位論文
1.魏培泉(1982)。莊子語法研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.巫雪如(2012)。先秦情態動詞研究(博士論文)。國立臺灣大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.李明(2001)。漢語助動詞的歷史演變研究(博士論文)。北京大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Fleischman, Suzanne(1982)。The Future in Thought and Language: Diachronic Evidence from Romance。Cambridge University Press。  new window
2.高名凱(2011)。漢語語法論。Beijing:The Commercial Press。  延伸查詢new window
3.谷峰(2010)。先秦漢語情態副詞研究。Tianjin:Nankai university dissertation。  延伸查詢new window
4.Langacker, Ronald W.(2002)。Concept, Image, and Symbol: The Cognitive Basis oj Grammar。Berlin:New York:Mouton de Gruyter。  new window
5.李志嶺(2010)。漢英時間標記系統語法化對比研究。Beijing:Peking University Press。  延伸查詢new window
6.劉琪(1937)。助字辨略。Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company。  延伸查詢new window
7.馬承源(1988)。商周靑銅器銘文選。Beijing:Cultural Relics Publishing House。  延伸查詢new window
8.葛佳才(2005)。東漢副詞系統研究。長沙:岳麓書社。  延伸查詢new window
9.Palmer, Frank R.(1979)。Modality and the English Modals。Longman。  new window
10.Dahl, Osten(1985)。Tense and Aspect Systems。Oxford:New York:Basil Blackwell。  new window
11.Coates, Jennifer(1983)。The Semantics of the Modal Auxiliaries。Croom Helm。  new window
12.徐中舒(1988)。甲骨文字典。四川成都:四川辭書出版社。  延伸查詢new window
13.解惠全、崔永琳、鄭天一(2008)。古書虛詞通解。中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
14.Binnick, Robert I.(1991)。Time and the Verb: a Guide to Tense and Aspect。Oxford University Press。  new window
15.Hopper, Paul J.、Traugott, Elizabeth Closs(2003)。Grammaticalization。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
16.Heine, Bernd、Kuteva, Tania(2002)。World Lexicon of Grammaticalization。Cambridge University Press。  new window
17.Bybee, Joan L.、Perkins, Revere Dale、Pagliuca, William(1994)。The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect, and Modality in the Languages of the World。University of Chicago Press。  new window
18.Lyons, John(1977)。Semantics。Cambridge University Press。  new window
19.Comrie, Bernard(1985)。Tense。Cambridge University Press。  new window
20.Comrie, Bernard(1976)。Aspect: An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems。Cambridge University Press。  new window
21.Pulleyblan, Edwin G.(1995)。Outline of Classical Chinese Grammar。UBC Press。  new window
22.周守晉(2005)。出土戰國文獻語法研究。北京大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
23.羅正堅(1996)。漢語詞義引申導論。Nanjing:Nanjing University Press.。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Bybee, Joan L.、William Pagliuca、Revere D. Perkins(1991)。Back to the future。Approaches to Grammaticalization. Volume II: Focus on types of grammatical grammatical markers。Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing.Co。  new window
2.Meisterernst, Barbara(2004)。The future tense in classical and Han-period Chinese。Meaning and Form: Essays in Pre-Modern Chinese Grammar。München:LINCOM Europa。  new window
3.貝羅貝、李明(2008)。語義演變理論與詞義演變和句法演變研究。當代語言學理論和漢語研究。Beijing:The Commercial Press。  延伸查詢new window
4.Traugott, Elizabeth Closs(1982)。From Propositional to Textual and Expressive Meanings: Some Semantic-pragmatic Aspects of Grammaticalization。Perspectives on Historical Linguistics。Amsterdam:John Benjamins。  new window
5.魏培泉(1999)。論先秦漢語運符的位置。Studies on Chinese Historical Syntax and Morphology: Linguistic Essays in Honor of Mei Tsu-lin。Paris, France:CRLAO, EHESS。  new window
 
 
 
 
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