In the past, scholars who studied the system of capital city paid more attention to the investigation and exploration of the inner space of the capital city, and discussed less about the site of the capital, migration, and communication between ethnic groups. From the records on the eve of the unified world of the Qin Dynasty, it can be seen that the theory of subordinating geography into the construction of the entire capital has taken shape. In the past, it can be explored from the seignor Qi and Lu of Zhou Dynasty, which have more archaeological materials and literature materials.
At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, the expansion of the land of Dadong area was full of hardships. Not only was the climate at the beginning of the small ice age, but the geographical mountains of Tai, Yi, Meng and Lu divided the peninsula into two parts, the south and the north. So the traffic routes must be divided into two : Qi of the north along the Jishui Corridor and Lu of the south along the southwestern lake area. From the perspective of geographical space, the openness from the north side of the mountain to the Jiao-dong Peninsula has made Qi undergo several migrations in the choice of the capital city. In the southwest of the mountain range, the geographical space is relatively closed, and the Lu has long been planning to build a capital city in the old place of Shangyan. In the urban space, Linzi City, which has been the capital since the late Western Zhou Dynasty, has experienced pattern changes due to population expansion and political turmoil. Qufu, the capital of Lu, has a regular pattern at the beginning of construction, which is similar to the record of Kaogongji. According to the record of “Yinguo”, this set of theory has been brewing since the construction of Luoyi, and it has been inherited for Qufu. In terms of ethnic structure, Qi needs to deal with not only the local people, but also the power from the king of Zhou. All kinds of constraints limited the development potential of Qi in the Western Zhou. As for the situation of Lu, the cooperation between Yin and Zhou groups and the resources of the dynasty were noted made Lu become the strongest country in the Dadong area at the beginning of Westeren Zhou. It was also the base for the king to expand toward the Jiang Huai areas. However, with the invasion of Huaiyi, the expand was forced to stop.
Based on comprehensive surveys of geography, cities and ethnic groups, Qi and Lu went to different development paths after the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The migration eastward of Zhou, liberating the restrictions on the development of Qi, and eventually became the leader of states after Zheng. In contrast with Lu, the north was blocked by Qi, the south was blocked by Xu, and the west was blocked by Song, so there was no possibility of breaking through. Shiji and other books documented that different policies made the difference people character of Qi and Lu in later generation. As far as the analysis of this thesis is concerned, the policy is not only depended on the personality of the ruler, but also determined by the geographical space, urban space, and ethnic structure of states.