研究目的：注意力不足過動症（Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD）是一種神經發展障礙症，神經回饋訓練是針對ADHD兒童腦波特徵所發展的非藥物治療；50%的ADHD兒童會共病對立反抗症（Oppositional Defiant Disorder, ODD），家長管教訓練則是ODD常見的治療。本研究以個案報告方式探討神經回饋訓練結合家長管教訓練對於ADHD共病ODD兒童的治療效果，並完整介紹治療歷程。研究方法：研究對象為一名6歲ADHD共病ODD男孩及其母親，進行40次神經回饋訓練和家長管教訓練。於治療前、治療結束與治療後六個月追蹤期對個案腦波、症狀、問題行為、情緒調控能力與母親情緒教養、親子互動關係進行評量。研究結果：治療後個案的ADHD症狀明顯改善，問題行為減少，生氣情緒調控能力提升；在學校ODD症狀減緩。半年後的追蹤期，個案表現持續進步，母親的教養技巧增加，親子互動關係提升。研究結論：本研究以神經回饋訓練結合家長管教訓練改善個案的ADHD與ODD症狀，此治療組合對ADHD共病ODD男童是一可行的治療方式，可提供後續研究與臨床實作參考。

Purpose: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Neurofeedback training is a promising non-pharmacological treatment based on the specific brainwave patterns of ADHD children. Half of all children with ADHD meet the criteria for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Parent management training is a common treatment for ODD. The purpose of this case study is to explore the treatment effects of simultaneous neurofeedback training and parent management training on a boy with ADHD comorbid ODD and his mother. The treatment practices demonstrated the expected improvement. Method: A 6-year-old boy with ADHD comorbid ODD and his mother participated in the study. The boy received 40 sessions of neurofeedback training, and his mother received 40 sessions of parent management training. Measures to assess changes in the child's symptoms, disruptive behaviors, emotional regulation ability, the mother's emotional education, and parent-child interaction were administered in the pre-training stage, post-training, and six months after training. Results: ADHD symptoms and disruptive behaviors improved significantly after receiving treatment. The child progressed in his ability to regulate anger. ODD symptoms at school also declined. According to the follow-up assessment, not only the child's performance, but also his mother's parenting skills and parent-child interaction continued to improve. Conclusions: This case study demonstrated the effect of neurofeedback combined with parent management training to treat a young child with ADHD comorbid ODD. The combination of the two treatments was an effective therapy that may be considered by researchers and clinical practitioners in treating children with ADHD comorbid ODD.