When mainland China adopted a centrally managed economic system in 1949, it also adopted a "socialist welfare system" under which all social welfare resources and services were managed by the government. For some forty years, the word "charity" was abolished from the government's vocabulary. This research examines the meaning of "charity" as it has emerged during the course of China's economic reforms, and the relation between the new charity and the market economy. The methodology of discourse analysis is used to examine mainland china newspapers and periodicals over the period 1994 - 1997. The analysis indicates eight relationships for the new concept of charity: (1) relation to politics, (2) relation to economics, (3) relation to societal needs, (4) relation to social behaviors, (5) relation to universal values, (6) relation to Chinese culture, (7) relation to historical evolution, and (8) relation to evolution of attitudes. The analysis also indicates that with the emergence of charity, government relies on charity (non-governmental programs) to make up for deficiencies in the resources and services of government programs for relief of hardship, for moderation of conflicts and dislocations resulting from market reforms, and for promotion of morality and civic spirit. There is continuing confusion among the people and continuing difficulty in government policies relating to the new charity.