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題名:外在作用力形塑下觀光空間的遊客行為之研究---以澎湖離島為例
作者:倪進誠 引用關係
作者(外文):Chin-cheng Ni
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:地理學研究所
指導教授:張長義
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2000
主題關鍵詞:行為識覺外在作用力澎湖離島BehaviorPerceptionExternal Driving ForcesPenghu Islands
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(15) 博士論文(7) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
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  澎湖群島是台灣地區的一個島嶼地區,由於自然和人文旅遊資源豐富,且地處邊陲、發展緩慢,於是成為台灣地區著名的旅遊聖地。對於台灣本島的遊客來說,前往澎湖群島是一個受到 “外在作用力” 影響的過程,因為冬季氣候的限制、公部門的硬體構築與經營管理、私部門的產業行銷等因素,使得遊客到澎湖進行旅遊的情況,呈現了獨特的樣態。在「時間」方面,由於受到國人休假時間多以三天假日型的旅遊型式為主,使得旅遊時間過度集中,而造成空間資源的競爭與排擠,影響遊客心情。在「空間行為」方面,水上活動、漁村活動是重要的旅遊行為,且常會伴隨環境採擷行為,而暫歇休憩行為則是回應澎湖天氣的寫照。在「環境識覺」方面,遊客在澎湖容易察覺的環境元素,包括A.天氣、B.海灘及海灘生物、C.海中生物、D.海洋及海岸、E.玄武岩、F.植物、G.遠方島嶼、H.醒目地景、I.和外地相似的地景、J.漁村風情等,這些環境元素透過 “旅遊活動”,除了視覺、聽覺之外,利用多種感官與環境接觸,和環境互動的廣度與深度大為提升。在「旅遊決策」方面,遊客多因沒有來過而造訪,故澎湖離島是處在遊客旅遊歷程中,是一個排行較低的選擇據點,也就是說它常會列在遊客 “尚未去過” 地點的名單中。
本研究透過質性參與觀察、實証問卷調查等多元方法的互補應用,開創出突顯澎湖離島在地精神的研究程序,這樣的施測設計,可做為以 “環境” 為優位研究的參考。研究發現由於島嶼的空間特性,使得遊客在進行島嶼旅遊時受到外在作用力的侷限極大,對於旅遊的可自主掌握程度降低,因此即使遊客得以自由選擇不同 “資訊管道” 的旅遊安排,所產生的空間行為與環境識覺,並無嚴重的歧異;也因為島嶼旅遊資訊不足,使得遊客對於島嶼的想像不是一個精確的旅遊資源呈現,而是一個具有模糊色彩的陌生空間意象。如此一來可以獲知,形塑澎湖觀光空間之外在作用力(如地理環境、公部門、私部門等)的運作,是遠大於以遊客本身 “施為” 改變澎湖觀光型態的力量,這種因 “空間阻隔” 所產生的特殊現象,是島嶼觀光研究的重要發現。最後,本研究也提供了遊客、政府、業者、大眾媒體及澎湖居民等不同角色,重新去看待澎湖觀光的新視野,期使澎湖觀光發展能走向新的紀元。
The Penghu Islands, formerly known as the Pescadore Islands by the European, are located off the western coast of Taiwan. Owing to its ecological and landscape natural resources and relatively less development, Penghu is very suitable for tourism development. The external driving forces of visiting Phenghu for tourists from mainland Taiwan are very diverse, including climate, the availability of public facilities, and the promotion of private firms, etc. Tourists in Penghu are very different from those traveling inside Taiwan in terms of behavior and perception. In terms of “time budget”, the tourists tend to take the advantage of the weekend holidays, whole the facilities in Penghu can barely only offer sufficient services to meet the peak flows of tourists during the weekends. In terms of the “spatial behavior”, maritime and fishery activities are the most popular types for the tourists. In terms of “environmental perception”, environmental components perceived by the tourists include (1) weather, (2) beach and its ecosystems, (3) marine species, (4) sea and coast, (5) geologic formation of basalt, (6) plants, (7) islands, (8) sight-seeing landscape, (9) attractive landscape familiar to tourists, and (10) landscape of fishing village. Through the exercise of these contacts, the interaction between the tourists and the different environmental components is getting intensified. In terms of the “decision making”, for tourists the most important reason to visit Penghu is that they had never been there.
Through the participation observation and questionnaire, the information about the behavior and perception of tourists in Penghu can properly be derived. One major research finding is that the activities of tourists are subject to the external driving forces of Penghu. Owing to the remote characteristics and limited information before taking a trip to Penghu, the island images perceived by the tourists are quite vague rather than the specific recreational resources. Finally, the research results can provide a new dimension to tourists, government agencies, private firms, mass media, and residents in Penghu for their needs.
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