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題名:組織轉型研究─新科學典範的創造性演化觀點
作者:陳朝福
作者(外文):Shao-Fu Chen
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:商學研究所
指導教授:徐木蘭
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2003
主題關鍵詞:組織轉型紮根理論耗散結構演化混沌混沌邊緣共同演化自我組織organizational transformationgrounded theorydissipative structureevolutionchaosthe edge of chaosco-evolutionself-organization
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本論文視組織是一種鑲嵌在環境中之「類生命體」的複雜適應系統,而組織轉型具有路徑依賴的歷史性,應屬組織演化中的一環,從而組織轉型可視為是一種可利用「生命演化隱喻」來觀察、瞭解、描述和詮釋的「類生命體的演化過程」。由於新科學典範係以非均衡系統的自我組織演化為研究重點,其強調的創造性演化觀點可作為觀察、瞭解、描述和詮釋組織轉型現象、內涵和機制的借鏡,因此本論文的主要目的在嘗試建構一種以新科學典範的創造性演化觀點為基礎的「組織轉型的演化理論」,藉以回答「組織如何生存於複雜和混沌的環境之中?」之組織轉型的基本問題。
本論文透過「文獻探討→形成理論觀點和觀念架構→推導研究命題→蒐集、整理與歸納資料→利用紮根理論研究方法建立經驗事實(即個案釋例及其理論涵義)→對照比較研究命題和經驗事實→進一步文獻探討→修正理論觀點和觀念架構→修正研究命題→再對照比較研究命題和經驗事實」的循環過程,直至理論在經驗事實和研究命題的交織過程中逐漸成形。在理論層級上,本論文首先從大量的文獻探討和實務上的需要提出組織轉型相關研究問題,並初步構思如何解答和研究的方法;再從大量文獻的細節中,透過「探究根源→抽象提煉→辨別異同→歸納整合」的理論建構程序,從無組織狀態的眾多新科學典範的核心觀念中,建立觀念之間的聯繫,並突現出較具體的理論觀點─創造性演化觀點;從而以創造性演化觀點為思考軸線,並將其「一般」參考架構「特殊化」,在填充企業組織和產業生態環境相關的細節內容後,轉換為「組織轉型的演化觀點」以作為組織轉型研究的觀念架構;最後再依據此觀念架構推導研究命題。在經驗層級上,本論文係採以獨特個案釋例為特色的質化研究方法,並選擇工研院作為單一的個案組織,透過工研院高階主管的深度訪談、次級資料的蒐集、歷史文獻的整理和內容分析,重建工研院和台灣資訊電子產業互動關係的演化歷史,並以組織轉型研究的觀念架構作為「前瞭解」,利用紮
根理論研究方法建立各研究命題對應的經驗事實;接著,經過研究命題與經驗事實的對照比較,並根據對照比較結果,進一步進行文獻探討以修正理論觀點、觀念架構和研究命題;若修正後的研究命題需要經驗事實的再驗證時,則重覆上述過程直至理論形成。
本論文最後所獲致的重要研究命題共有七類,包括:「組織轉型的前提條件:組織必須具備學習能力」、「組織轉型的歷史效應:主導邏輯與組織慣性」、「組織轉型的活動場域:混沌邊緣與邊緣管理」、「組織轉型的內部動力:合作式競爭」、「組織轉型的外部動力:組織與環境共同演化」、「組織轉型的組織機制:複雜性自我組織」、「組織轉型的演化模式:連續間斷突躍模式」。每一類研究命題皆有其對應的個案釋例作為佐證。
A organization can be regarded as a quasi-living-organism which is a complex adaptive system embedded in environment. The transformation of organization has a historical effect of path dependence, therefore, the research of organizational transformation should be in the field of organizational evolution. Based on above, the organizational transformation can be regarded as a evolutional process of a quasi-
living-organism which can be observed, understood, described and interpreted by using the metaphor of living-organism evolution. The research focus of New Science paradigm is on the self-organizational evolution of non-equilibrated system, and its perspective of creative evolution can be used to observe, understand, describe and interpret the phenomenon, content and mechanism of organizational transformation. Therefore, the major purpose of this research is to build a "Evolution Theory of Organizational Transformation", and to use this theory to answer the following basic problem of organizational transformation: How can a organization survive in the
complex and chaotic environment?
This resaerch adopts continuous iteration of top-down theorical process and bottom-up empirical process to obtain the final results. On theorical level, this research takes out and integrates several concepts of New Science paradigm, then builds a general reference frame of perspective of creative evolution, and then specializes the general reference frame to become a "Evolutional perspective of Organizational
Transformation" after inserting the organization and industry related content. This evolutional perspective of organizational transformation is used to develop the theorical proposition and guide the empirical research of organizational transformation. On empirical level, this resaerch uses the longitudinal qualitative method to perform the empirical research. In other words, this resaerch selects Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) as single case, and adopts in-depth interview to collect primary data, uses historiography and content anaysis method to re-build the evolutional history of ITRI and Taiwan''''''''s information electic industry, uses the grounded theory method to perform data analysis and build each interpretative case (empirical fact) for each theorical proposition. The final results are obtained from the continuous comparison between theorical proposition and empirical fact.
There are seven groups of proposition obtained by this research
as follows:"Prerequisite of organizational transformation: A
organization must have learning capability", "Historical effect of organizational transformation: Dominant logic and organizational inertia", "Activity field of organizational transformation: The edge of chaos and edge management", "Internal driven force of organizational transformation: Cooperative competition", "External driven force of organizational transformation: Co-evolution",
"Organizing mechanism of organizational transformation: Complex self-organization", "Evolutional pattern of organizational transformation: Catastrophic leap in the Continuous evolution".
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