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題名:全面品質管理、資訊科技能力與流程績效之關係-台灣資訊硬體業之實證
作者:周中理 引用關係
作者(外文):Chou, Chung-Li
校院名稱:國立臺北大學
系所名稱:企業管理學系
指導教授:黃營杉
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2004
主題關鍵詞:全面品質管理資訊科技能力流程績效total quality managementinformation technology capabilitiesprocess performance
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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流程是組織重要的策略性資產,而全面品質管理(TQM)是持續改進流程,追求卓越績效的管理活動。現今TQM已為多數組織廣泛引用作為持續性品質改善與自我評估的工具,深入探討組成TQM系統的實踐構面間關係,從資源有效運用的角度,具有其重要性,而國內在此方面的研究卻是不足。此外,組織係鑲於環境中,企業處在資訊時代,資訊科技(IT)能力的建構對組織流程的變革與TQM的實踐亦具有密切的關係,但學術界在此方面實證性研究卻也缺乏,形成研究缺口。故本研究嘗試整合與建構一較完整的TQM、IT能力與流程績效間的因果關係路徑模式,並以LISREL進行驗證。經文獻探討將TQM的研究構面區分為:領導、策略品質規劃、顧客焦點與關係、人力資源管理、供應商關係、資訊與分析、製程管理與經營績效等八構面,其中經營績效本研究另以流程績效取代之。而IT能力主要建立在不易為競爭者所模仿的組織對IT的認知與管理性的IT技能兩項;流程績效則以較多學者採用的成本、品質、週期時間與顧客滿意等四項作為研究衡量項目。
本研究採問卷調查法,研究對象為台灣資訊硬體業。研究框架以中華徵信所2003年台灣地區企業名錄資訊設備類中的電腦及其周邊設備、筆記型電腦、印刷電路板與監視器類廠商,共807家作為受調查對象,分析對象則以總經理或品保或資訊高階主管為主。
經實證「TQM、IT能力與流程績效之因果關係路徑模式」結果,發現模式配度良好,領導暨資訊與分析變項是TQM的兩項重要因子,廣泛的透過直接與多重路徑間接影響TQM中的其它變項。其中領導活動對人力資源管理和顧客焦點與關係變項的影響總效果大於對其它的變項,而資訊與分析活動則對製程管理的影響總效果較大。此外,TQM中策略品質規劃的執行會對顧客焦點與關係、人力資源管理與製程管理產生助益,而又以對製程管理的影響力較大。人力資源管理則可協助顧客焦點與關係的建立,顧客焦點與關係的強化對製程管理亦存在正向的直接效果。而領導、人力資源管理、供應商關係和顧客焦點與關係等變項對流程績效均具直接效果,其中以領導變項具有較大的影響力。此外,TQM中的領導活動對IT能力也具有顯著正向的影響。另一方面,IT能力雖只對TQM中的資訊與分析、人力資源管理與供應商關係等三個變項存在直接效果,但是透過間接路徑,可對TQM的所有變項皆產生正向具顯著水準的總效果;而IT能力對流程績效則只存在間接效果。
以上研究結果對全面品質管理、資訊管理與流程績效理論的精鍊與實務應用將有所助益,企業管理者可充分利用本研究模式與路徑關係的驗證結論,精準的配置有限資源,整合IT能力於TQM系統中,強化組織TQM系統的優勢,並改善劣勢之處,以創造卓越的流程績效,建立獨特的競爭優勢。
Process is an important strategic asset in organization. Total quality management is management method of business excellence through continuous improvement process. Today lots of organizations use it as a tool for self-assessment and continuous quality improvement, lead to become imperative that recognize the relationships among various practical dimensions in TQM in depth, and therefore organizations can effectively to allocate limited resources. Nevertheless the studies of this field are scared in Taiwan. In addition, organization embedded in environment. In the information age, to build up IT capabilities tightly link to organizational process change and TQM practice. Nonetheless, empirical studies in academic are also lacked. Therefore the study proposes to integrate and develop a completed TQM-IT capabilities-process performance causal relationships and path model. LISREL has been used to test it. As literature review, the eight major practical dimensions of TQM are: leadership, strategic quality planning, customer focus and relationship, human resource management, supplier relationship, information & analysis, process management and business performance. But business performance is in place of process performance. IT capabilities include both IT cognition and managerial IT skill. Process performance contains cost, quality, cycle time and customer satisfaction those items are adopted on many researches.
Survey research was used. The subject of this study is information hardware industry in Taiwan. Sampling framework covered computer and peripheral, notebook, pc board and monitor companies on information equipment category in China Credit Information service company’s enterprise database in 2003. 807 participants were selected and mainly general managers, quality managers or information managers.
The empirical findings indicate that path model is fit. Both leadership and information & analysis variables are the most important factors, because they comprehensively through direct and multiple indirect paths impact on the rest variables in TQM system. Leadership has a much stronger total effect both on human resource management and customer focus and relationship than other variables in TQM. Information & analysis has the strongest total effect on process management. Furthermore, the implementation of strategic quality planning assists customer focus and relationship, human resource management and process management, and has a greater impact on process management. Human resource management facilitates the establishment of customer focus and relationship. Then customer focus and relationship has a statistically significant direct effect on process management. Leadership, human resource management and supplier relationship also have statistically significant direct effect on process performance, and the greater influence factor is leadership variable. Moreover, leadership appears to have a statistically significant positive impact on IT capabilities. On the other hand, IT capabilities have a direct effect on information & analysis, human resource management and supplier relationship variables, but via indirect paths affecting all of variables in TQM. At last, IT capabilities have indirect effect relating only to process performance.
In generalizing from the results, they provide assistance in theory refinement and practical application. Organizational managers should make good use of the research model and conclusion to improve TQM system and create excellent process performance as well as acquire distinctive competition advantage.
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