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題名:科技社群互動及其對創新成效之影響
作者:胡太山
作者(外文):Hu, Tai-Shan
校院名稱:國立臺北大學
系所名稱:都市計劃研究所
指導教授:林建元,錢學陶
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2005
主題關鍵詞:產業群聚科技社群互動創新網絡新竹科學園區南部科學園區Industrial clustertechnology community interactioninnovation networkHsinchu Science-Based Industrial ParkTainan Science-
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 點閱點閱:50
在知識經濟時代,知識已被視為經濟成長之『內生成長機制』的核心因素,直接倚賴於知識或有效資訊的獲取積累與運用,而強調擁有技術知識與專殊化之人力資源的投入,以創造知識及運用知識的能力與效率,成為支持產業聚群維持與經濟不斷發展的動力。基於於特定產業特質與廠商的發展進程,形成具空間緊密關係的地區產業聚群,凸顯過去的傳統產業雖群聚卻未必激發創新,而聚集是創新的必要條件,使特定創新聚群的效益是可預期的。其次,由園區設置發展的二十餘年來,園區周邊之發展進程明確呈現量產、培育與研發之緊密網絡鏈結,其間對技術基礎設施與支援空間構連之鏈結介面,除空間鄰近特性外,生產性服務產業之發展更趨關鍵。過去有關新竹科學園區之相關研究探討甚多,但甚少觸及高科技產業與生產者服務業間的互動變遷。
因此,本研究首先嘗試基於過去相關研究,主要從廠商層面與學研機構的空間鄰近探討產業聚群形成有助於廠商創新活動之顯著關係上,進一步藉由創新環境中,個體層面探究科技人才流動與互動所形成之科技社群關係,對創新活動與網絡的差異影響;並藉此檢視在產業聚群內科技社群網絡構連的種要性,同時亦可做為產業環境建構與廠商區位考量之另一項重要參酌要素。其次,本研究針對新竹地區之生產者服務業的發展演變、及專殊化介面的形成進行分析,且更進一步依據2001年工商及服務業普查報告,解析專業、科學與技術服務業在新竹地區的演變及與高科技產業的互動發展。
研究發現,園區內廠商聚集的空間鄰近性強化了科技人才間的互動及專業網絡的擴展,此情形明顯有助於創新成效的呈現;另方面此空間的緊密性也促使科技人才於其間的快速流動、甚至團隊的衍生,但對創新活動的績效表現卻未見直接顯著的助益,但也隱含著某適度科技人才的流動頻率,相對地有助於產業生產網絡的建構以及競爭的刺激。其次,在創新聚群中影響創新成效之因素,除過去文獻所運用之研發經費與研發人力數外,尚包括面對面互動頻率、非正式管道運用頻率與工作轉換頻率;此也實際驗證文獻理論提及聚集未必創新、但聚集有利於創新,因科技人才社群互動為重要影響因素。
Knowledge has been seen as a central element of economic growth in knowledge-based economy era. It directly relies on the efficient acquiring, accumulating and using of knowledge and information, and emphasizes the involving of human resources who own the technological knowledge and specialization. Thus knowledge creation and the ability and efficiency of using knowledge become the supporting engine of industrial clustering and economic sustainability. In such a case, the specific industrial characteristics and firms’ evolution result in the emergence of local industrial cluster which retains close spatailities. This phenomenon reveals that the cluster of traditional industries in the past did not necessarily stimulate innovation, even though cluster is a prerequisite for any innovation. Recently, the related researches which focus on the proximity of firms and advanced institutes discuss that industrial cluster is positive to innovative activities of firms.
Furthermore, location remains a major influence on global strategies of transnational companies, and enables global cross-border divisions of labor in high-tech industries. On the one hand, this phenomenon transforms the geographic distribution and structure in industry; on the other hand, it creates demand for strategic functions in management and organizational innovation. The emergence, introduction and operation of such functions all rely on the support of specialized service industries. During the two decades of development of the Hsinchu Science-Based Industrial Park (HSIP), the area around HSIP saw the gradual formation of a distinctive and strong network including production, incubation and Research and Development (R&D) activities. Within this network, knowledge intensive services provide a crucial interface between the supportive environment and technological infrastructure. According to this, firstly we attempt to analyze whether the interaction between technological community and industrial clustering influence innovative activities. Also we examine the importance of networking linkage of technological community in industrial cluster, and provide a helpful dimension on industrial policy making. Following, this investigation analyzes the interactions, geographic transformation and distribution between HSIP firms and producer services around HSIP, as well as the coordination between HSIP firms and research institutions.
First of all, survey results in this study demonstrate that the spatial proximity of firms clustering within the HSIP strengthens the interaction among high-tech personnel and the expansion of their professional networks, as a result, innovative R&D activities are effectively promoted. The geographical proximity of firms also facilitates quick mobility of high-tech human resources within the industrial cluster and encourages the spinning-off of work teams. This study found that the aforementioned interaction process has directly and significantly improved innovative activity in the cluster and the establishment of industrial production networks. Secondly, this investigation found that competition strongly influences the development and geographic transformation of producer services. Together with different industrial resources, they formed production networks. Such networks caused the development and geographic transformation of the Hsinchu area, and thus further influenced the growth of knowledge-intensive service businesses.
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