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題名:自閉症學生家長親職壓力、壓力因應與家庭生活品質關係之研究
作者:馮士軒
作者(外文):Feng Shih Hsuan
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:特殊教育學系所
指導教授:鳳華
張昇鵬
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2014
主題關鍵詞:自閉症親職壓力壓力因應家庭生活品質Autism Spectrum Disorderparenting stresscopingfamily quality of life
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究主要目的在整合壓力因應與家庭生活品質兩種理論觀點,建構自閉症學生家長親職壓力、壓力因應與家庭生活品質模式。其次,在探討自閉症學生家長親職壓力、壓力因應與家庭生活品質三者間的現況與關係,及在不同背景變項下的差異情形。
研究對象為240位學前至高中職階段自閉症學生之家長,採問卷調查資料蒐集。資料分析以t考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析、階層迴歸分析與結構方程模式進行。研究主要結果如下:
一、在現況方面
自閉症學生家長整體親職壓力較一般家長為高,過半壓力來自於「困難兒童」親職壓力。常採「正向積極」進行因應,較少使用「逃避轉移」因應。此外,「家人互動」是家庭生活品質最重要的部分,而最不滿意當前整體家庭生活品質。
二、不同背景變項上的差異情形
(一) 不同「家長教育程度」以及「家庭經濟概況」背景變項的家長其在「父母困擾」、「親子失功能互動」親職壓力以及整體親職壓力呈現顯著差異。
(二) 不同「學齡階段」、「確診後距今時間」、「家長性別」、「家長教育程度」與「家庭經濟概況」等背景變項的家長,其壓力因應亦有顯著差異。
(三) 不同「確診後距今時間」與「家庭經濟概況」背景變項的家長,其對於家庭生活品質的滿意度達顯著差異。
三、自閉症學生家長親職壓力、壓力因應與家庭生活品質的關係
(一) 相關與調節效果檢驗上
1.整體親職壓力與整體壓力因應未達顯著相關。
2.「父母困擾」親職壓力可以顯著負向預測到家庭生活品質。
3.「尋求支持」壓力因應能顯著正向預測到家庭生活品質。
4.「尋求支持」、「逃避轉移」兩個壓力因應,是「父母困擾」親職壓力與「家庭生活品質」間的調節變項。
(二) 「自閉症學生家長親職壓力、壓力因應與家庭生活品質之假設模式」建構方面:
1.「自閉症學生家長親職壓力、壓力因應與家庭生活品質之假設模式」,經修正後獲實證資料支持。
2.修正模式顯示:
(1)親職壓力與壓力因應之間無顯著路徑關係。
(2)親職壓力具負向影響家庭生活品質效果。
(3)壓力因應會正向影響家庭生活品質。
(4)壓力因應具正向調節親職壓力與家庭生活品質效果。
本研究根據問卷調查結果,提出實務與後續研究之建議。
The main purpose of this study was to propose a model of the family quality of life of caregivers of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder by intergated the viewpoints from the theories of the transactional model of stress and coping, and the unified theory of family quality of life.The second purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among parenting stress, coping, family quality of life of caregivers of students with ASD, and those of ASD students and caregivers with different background variables.
A questionnaire survey was used in the study which recruited 240 caregivers of students with ASD from preschools to senior high and vocational schools. The data of questionnaire survey were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and structural equation model. The results of the study were described as the followings:
1. Caregivers of students with ASD experienced more parenting stress than parents of typically developing children. “Difficult Child” was the most prominent in the parenting stress. As for coping strategies, “Positive Activity” was the most frequently used coping strategy. Meanwhile, “Escape-avoidance” was the least frequently used strategy. In regard to the family quality of life, caregivers reported “Family Interaction” was the most important domain in the FQOLs, and were most dissatisfied with the whole family quality of life.
2. (a) Significant differences in parenting stress were noted between caregivers with different level of education and the profile of family income. (b)There were significant differences in the Stress-Coping Scale among ASD students with different level of education, the time since eligibility, caregivers with different genders and level of education, and the profile of family income. (c)There were significant differences in family quality of life noted with the time since eligibility and the profile of family income.
3. (a) There was no significant correlation between parenting stress and coping. (b) “Parental distress” was a significant negative predictor for family quality of life. (c) “Seeking suppport” coping was a significant positive predictor for family quality of life. (d) “Seeking suppport” coping moderated the relationship between “Parental distress” parenting stress and family quality of life. “Escape-avoidance” coping also moderated the relationship between “Parental distress” parenting stress and family quality of life.
After analized by structural equation modeling, we got such points: (a)The modified structure model of the parenting stress, coping, and family quality of life of caregivers of students with ASD can be pronounced idealistic.(b) There was no significant correlation between parenting stress and coping. (c) Parenting stress had significant directly and negative influence on family quality of life. (d)Coping had significant directly and positive influence on family quality of life.
Based on the results from the questionnaire survey, some suggestions for practice and future studies were proposed.
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二、英文部分
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