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題名:臺灣跟蹤騷擾防治法制之實證研究
作者:吳聖琪
作者(外文):WU, SHENG-CHI
校院名稱:國立中正大學
系所名稱:犯罪防治研究所
指導教授:陳慈幸
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2016
主題關鍵詞:跟蹤騷擾跟蹤騷擾防治法法實證研究比較研究質性研究焦點訪談法stalkinganti-stalking legislationempirical legal researchcomparative researchqualitative researchfocus-group interviews
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 點閱點閱:296
跟蹤騷擾犯罪存在已久,嚴重侵犯個人生命權、財產權、隱私權、居住權、工作權及行動自由等基本人權,係盛行率高、潛在危險高、傷害期間長及行為態樣複雜的犯罪型態。自1990年美國加州制定第一部反跟蹤騷擾法以來,跟蹤騷擾行為犯罪化、法制化已形成一股世界趨勢,更是人權進步之象徵。反觀我國對於跟蹤騷擾行為僅散見於刑法、家庭暴力防治法、社會秩序維護法及性騷擾防治法等規範,尚無完整周全之法律,為保障民眾權益,實應思考制定跟蹤騷擾法制之可行性與方向。
本文以比較研究法及質性研究之焦點團體訪談法進行法實證研究,以了解國際社會對跟蹤騷擾犯罪之態度、氛圍與趨勢,探討國內實務工作者對跟蹤騷擾犯罪因應策略之觀點與未來法制之期待,以建構我國制定跟蹤騷擾防治法制之方向。研究乃分別針對「法律形式」、「法律內涵」、「處罰規定」以及「配套措施」等四個面向對各國之跟蹤騷擾防治法制進行對照、分析、探求、批判,並於台北、台中及嘉義共辦理三場焦點團體,邀請15名國內司法、警政、精神醫學、社政等實務工作者及專家學者進行焦點訪談。
研究結論得證我國以制定全民適用之跟蹤騷擾防治專法為宜,對於跟蹤騷擾犯罪作全面性、整體性之規範,並包含事前、事中、事後三級預防措施;法律位階屬普通法,犯罪定義以分類、分級規範,涵蓋各種跟蹤騷擾行為;犯罪之構成要件應整體考量加害人犯罪意圖、被害人感受及犯罪情境等,建立加害人處遇及被害人保護之跨網絡合作機制;法律處罰應依行為之嚴重性、故意性及連續性,循序漸進分級處理,兼顧人權與嚇阻目的,建立行政、刑事之救濟管道。最後本研究分別於法制面、執行面及預防面提出具體建議與做法。
Stalking has long been recognized as a serious violation of personal privacy, property rights, housing rights, employment rights, freedom of movement, and other basic human rights. Moreover, stalking is a complex type of criminal activity which is highly prevalent, has a high potential risk, and brings long-term harm.
Since the first anti-stalking law was instituted in California in 1990, the criminalization of stalking has become a worldwide trend in the direction of upholding human rights. However, Taiwan has yet to pass a dedicated anti-stalking law; at present, anti-stalking measures are scattered throughout the criminal code, in such statutes as the Domestic Violence Prevention Act, the Social Order Maintenance Act, and the Sexual Harassment Prevention Act. Thus it is clearly necessary to consider the feasibility of formulating a comprehensive anti-stalking law in order to protect the rights and interests of the people of Taiwan.
In this empirical legal study, adopting a comparative and qualitative research methodology, I cover four main topics including legal forms, legal connotations, penalties, and supporting measures. I first make a comparative analysis and evaluation of the anti-stalking legislation already implemented in different countries.
Next, in order to determine the prevailing attitudes, trends, and expectations relating to anti-stalking legislation in Taiwan, I conducted three focus-group interviews in Taipei, Taichung, and Chiayi with 15 practitioners working in related fields, including legislators, law enforcement officials, psychiatrists, social workers and scholars.
The results indicate that it would be appropriate to formulate a comprehensive and integrated anti-stalking law in Taiwan designed to protect victims before, during, and after a stalking incident proactively and reactively.
Such legislation would be belonged to the level of common law, and would need to include classifications covering all the various types and degrees of stalking. Furthermore, such legislation needs to take into account such factors as the intentions of the offender, how the victim was affected, and the circumstances of the crime. It is also necessary to set up a comprehensive system for providing treatment for perpetrators and protection for victims. Furthermore, related legal sanctions should be progressively graded in accordance with the seriousness of the act, the perpetrator’s intentions, and the continuity of the stalking, so as to maintain a proper balance between deterrence and human rights; it is also necessary to establish channels for implementing administrative and criminal remedies. Finally, I put forward some specific suggestions relating to the formulation and implementation of such preventative measures.
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