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題名:大學生殺人犯罪心理動機與行為歷程之研究——以中國大陸學生為例
作者:舒琅
作者(外文):Shu Lang
校院名稱:國立中正大學
系所名稱:犯罪防治研究所
指導教授:楊士隆
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2019
主題關鍵詞:殺人犯罪高校學生犯罪動機行為歷程犯罪防制HomicideCollege studentsCriminal motivesBehavioral courseCrime prevention
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摘要
在這過去的十幾年中,中國高等學校亦發生了上百起學生殺人事件,顯現了當代高等教育所面臨問題的複雜性。中國高校每年畢業的本科生、碩士生、博士生均位居世界前列。隨著中國高等教育的普及率升高,未來中國高校學生人數仍將維持在一個高位。高等教育的發展,將改變人口的學歷層次和群體文化結構。中國國家層面高度重視高等教育,將大學生看作一項人力戰略資源。在此背景下,研究大學生殺人犯罪的產生與相關預防工作就更凸顯了意義與價值。
研究收集了自二〇一三年以來中國各個省份高級法院、中級法院和基層法院發佈的殺人刑事案件判決書合計55021份,從中篩選獲得二〇一三年大學生殺人犯罪案件判決書十份,二〇一四年大學生殺人犯罪案件判決書二十一份,二〇一五年大學生殺人犯罪案判決書十份,二〇一六年大學生殺人犯罪案件判決書二十一份,二〇一七年大學生殺人犯罪案件判決書二十七份,二〇一八年大學生殺人犯罪案件判決書十四份,二〇一九年大學生殺人犯罪案件判決書四份,總計一百零七件高校學生近年來殺人犯罪案件。研究中採用三角檢證和詮釋現象學的方法,對這些案件中體現的大學生殺人犯罪類型及各類型占比、大學生殺人犯罪的行為歷程和心理動機進行了研究討論,並基於研究結果提出了相關對策建議。
研究結論:一、大學生殺人犯罪的細分類型占比。對案例資料分析後,研究者總結得到在一百零七件大學生殺人案件中,情殺案件有三十一件(約占29%,其中殺情敵案有八件),殺普通同學案件二十九件(約占27%),殺成年親人案件十二件(約占11%),殺新生嬰兒案件十八件(約占17%),殺非熟識者案件十五件(約占14%)。
二、大學生殺人犯罪的行為歷程。大學生犯罪者在殺人犯罪過程中一般將經歷內心挫折,與被害人衝突,敵意產生,憤恨加強,犯罪爆發(伴隨導火索),作案後反思六個主要階段。理論上在犯罪行為爆發之前均有機會從中阻斷其犯罪行為,但前提是需對行為人的犯罪心理動機有深刻認識和把握。
三、大學生殺人犯罪的心理動機。具體的大學生殺人犯罪心理動機方面,存在挫折-攻擊殺人、情緒憤怒衝動殺人、逃避問題責任殺人、心理怨恨殺人、厭世自毀式殺人、自尊心受損、認知偏差殺人、權力掌控感的受損殺人、心理嫉妒殺人、劫財劫色殺人、過失殺人、被動防衛殺人、模仿學習殺人等。
大學生群體在高校聚集,是一個特殊年齡段的有限封閉的群體,也是代表接受知識教育的未來人才群體。在高校中大學生受限於學校管理體系,可以隨時接受教育,易於找到防控的對象,相對容易被及時糾正思想偏差。針對大學生殺人犯罪問題,研究建議:第一,從意識層面,教育部門必須真正重視大學生心理健康工作。第二,必須高度重視大學生戀愛教育和性別平等教育。第三,需要加強大學生積極的人生觀教育。第四,需要加強大學生的情商教育,提升自我情緒控制能力,提高學生的人際互動能力。第五,推進心理諮詢和心理治療應用服務,努力構建民眾心理健康、家庭和睦發展的和諧社會。
關鍵字:殺人犯罪、高校學生、犯罪動機、行為歷程、犯罪防制
Abstract
In the past ten years, hundreds of College student homicide have occurred in Chinese colleges and universities, showing the complexity of the problems faced by contemporary higher education. Undergraduate, master's and doctoral students who graduate from Chinese universities each year are among the highest in the world. With the increasing popularity of higher education in China, the number of college students will remain at a high level in the future. The development of higher education will change the educational level and group cultural structure of the population. China attaches great importance to higher education at the national level and regards college students as an important part of the talent strategy. In this context, the research on the occurrence and prevention of College Students' homicide is more significant and valuable.
The study collected 55021 criminal cases of homicide judgments issued by the high courts, intermediate courts and grass-roots courts in various provinces of China since 2013. Among them, we have selected and obtained 10 judgments of College student homicide in 2013, 21 judgments of College student homicide in 2014, 10 judgments of College student homicide in 2015, 21 judgments of College student homicide in 2016, 27 judgments of College student homicide in 2017, 14 judgments of College student homicide in 2018, and 4 judgments of College student homicide in 2019. Using the methods of triangle verification and phenomenology of interpretation, the researcher has studied and discussed the types and proportions of College Students' homicide, the behavior course and psychological motivation of College Students' homicide reflected in these cases, and put forward some suggestions based on the research results.
Research conclusions: First, the proportion of subdivision types of college students' homicide. After analyzing the case data, the researchers concluded that in 107 murder cases, there were 31 cases of love killing (about 29% , including 8 cases of killing love competitors), 29 cases of killing alumni and classmates (about 27%), 12 cases of killing adult relatives (about 11%), 18 cases of killing newborn babies (about 17%), and 15 cases of non-acquaintances (about 14%).
Second, the course of College Students' homicide. In the process of homicide, college students usually experience several stages, such as inner frustration, conflict with victims, hostility, resentment, crime outbreak (with fuse), reflection after committing a crime. Theoretically, there is an opportunity to block the criminal behavior before the outbreak of criminal behavior, but the main premise is to have a deep understanding and grasp of the criminal psychological motivation of the perpetrator.
Third, the psychological motivation of College Students' homicide. The specific psychological motivations of College Students' homicide include frustration attack homicide, emotional anger impulsive homicide, escape from problem responsibility homicide, psychological resentment homicide, pessimism self destruct homicide, damaged self-esteem, cognitive deviation homicide, damaged sense of power control homicide, psychological jealousy homicide, robbery homicide, negligent homicide, passive defense homicide, imitation learning homicide, etc.
The group of college students gather in colleges and universities. It is a limited closed group of special age groups and a future talent group representing knowledge education. In colleges and universities, college students are limited by the school management system, they can receive education at any time, and it is easy to find the object of prevention and control, and it is relatively easy to correct the deviation of ideas in time.In response to the problem of murder crimes among college students, research suggestions: First, from the level of consciousness, the education department must really attach importance to the mental health work of college students. Second, we must attach great importance to college students' love education and gender equality education. Third, it’s necessary to strengthen the positive outlook on life for college students. Fourth, it’s necessary to strengthen the EQ education of college students, improve their self-emotional control ability, and improve their interpersonal interaction ability. Fifth, we should promote the application of counseling and psychotherapy services, and strive to build a harmonious society of people's mental health and harmonious family development.
Keywords: Homicide, College students, Criminal motives, Behavioral course, Crime prevention
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