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題名:探討受疫情影響下員工離職行為意向之相關研究:風險承擔與個人背景的調節角色
作者:蔡龍奇
作者(外文):TSAI, LUNG-CHI
校院名稱:國立高雄科技大學
系所名稱:國際企業系
指導教授:邱魏頌正
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2022
主題關鍵詞:風險承擔態度主觀規範知覺行為控制離職行為意向Risk takingAttitudeSubjective NormPerceived Behavioral ControlTurnover Behavior Intention
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本研究以計畫行為理論為基礎,希望能了解在新冠肺炎疫情影響下的餐旅業員工離職意向影響因素,尋求模式之驗證與各變項對離職行為意向的影響路徑。期使能協助企業人資部門瞭解員工離職或留任的行為,並透過對員工是否會受到新冠肺炎疫情影響而離職的瞭解,進一步地探討員工個人背景變項、風險承擔、離職態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制、離職行為意向的主要影響因素,期使公司能有更佳的人資管理。
以餐飲旅遊住宿業之專職員工為研究對象,發放305份問卷,回收304份,回收率為99.7%,並以描述行統計分析、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、相關分析、多元迴歸分析及結構方程式進行資料分析,所得的結果為:將個人背景變項和研究變項進行probit迴歸分析結果可知,40歲以下比40歲以上、每月薪資在5萬元以上比5萬元以下、已離開餐旅業比未離開餐旅業的員工更容易受到疫情影響而離職、員工認為公司會受到疫情影響經營的態度越認同,以及已經離職或被離職的前餐旅業員工,他們的離職行為意向越高,就更容易受到新冠肺炎疫情的影響而離職;將風險承擔與TPB變項對離職行為意向進行階層迴歸分析結果可知,風險承擔與主觀規範、風險承擔與知覺行為控制對離職行為意向有顯著的交互作用;以AMOS統計軟體進行結構方程模式驗證結果可知,離職行為意向結構模式具良好的適配度,可做為預測員工未來離職行為的指標。
Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study intends to shed light on the influencing factors of employee turnover in the hospitality industry, especially under the influence of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, and seeks to verify the models and the paths of various variables that lead to employee’s turnover. In particular, the main factors such as employees' personal background variables, risk taking, turnover attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, turnover behavior intention, and actual turnover are taken into consideration in this study to further predict the employee’s action when the companies are facing difficult times.
Using a self-administered survey, we distributed 305 questionnaires to those who formerly work or currently work as employees in restaurants, travel agencies and hotels. 304 valid questionnaire were finally retrieved, with a return rate up to 97.7%. Statistics such as descriptive statistics, t test, univariate ANOVA, correlation analysis, multivariate regression and structural equation model were carried out to analyze the sample.
Our Probit regression results show that persons with characteristics like age under 40, average monthly wage under NT$50000, those who hold the attitude that business will be worse off due to the pandemic. and those who already left or were laid off, are more likely to leave the job posts than their counterparts.
Moreover, risk taking has exerted significant mediating effects on the intention to leave and actual leave, while interacting with attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control. The structural model we based on exhibits a fair goodness of fit which can be used as a good reference for the managers to deal with human resource in tough times.
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