目的：探討受虐兒童與青少年之臨床表徵、精神病理及其相關的心理社會危險因子之分析。方法：就1995年7月至1999年4月，被轉介至台北市立療養院兒少保特別門診，被疏忽、身體虐待或性虐待的兒童及青少年個案為對象，以臨床診斷會談與心理社會危險因子問卷調查之方式，分析這些個案的虐待種類、社會人口學基本資料、精神科診斷以及相關的心理社會危險因子。結果：共收集3至18歲被虐待的兒童及青少年個案52名，若依被虐待之類型區分，性虐待組有23名，身體虐待與疏忽組有29名。其中性虐待組多為女性，平均年齡較高，身體虐待與疏忽組則男性較多，平均年齡較低，兩組間之性別與年齡之分布有顯著差異。在精神病理方面，性虐待組多有情緒障礙疾患之診斷，而身體虐待與疏忽組則以行為障礙疾患為主。在11項心理社會危險因子中，平均每個個案有4.1項危險因子。結論：受虐兒童與青少年及其家庭，亟需精神醫療與社會福利資源之介入與協助。在評估虐待或疏忽對兒童心智發展的影響時，其他多重心理社會危險因子之總數，及其個別的嚴重性也都需列入考慮。

　　　　　Objective: To investigate the developmental relationship between psychopathology, child abuse and related psychosocial risk factors. Methods: This study assessed psychiatrically referred children between three and 18 years of age (N=52) who had been neglected, physically abused or sexually abused. Types of abuse, demographic characteristics, psychosocial risk factors and psychiatric diagnoses were determined. Results: Significant differences existed with respect to gender and age distribution between children who were sexually abused (N=23) and children who were physically abused or neglected (N=29). The sexually abused were more often female, older and typically suffering emotional disorders, whereas the physically abused and neglected were typically male, younger and typically suffering from conduct disorders. The mean number of risk factors present was 4.1 of 11 psychosocial risk factors. Conclusions: Psychiatrists make important contributions to child abuse case management by interacting with social service agencies and participating in treatment programs designed for such children and their families. Further related risk-factor studies will contribute to clinical applications, theoretical constructions, policy making and primary prevention of child maltreatment.