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題名:遭受性侵害女性的母職經驗之研究
作者:陳慧女
作者(外文):Hui-Nu Chen
校院名稱:高雄師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商研究所
指導教授:戴嘉南
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2008
主題關鍵詞:性侵害遭受性侵害女性母職經驗女性主義生命史生命故事sexual abusefemale with sexual abusemotherhood experiencefeminismlife historylife story
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究以敘事研究的生命史探究,深度訪談六位曾遭遇性侵害之女性的母職經驗。研究發現其除了性被害經驗之外,在童年時期大多曾經歷身體傷害或被疏忽、家庭遭逢重大壓力事件,以及與母親關係的情感糾結,這些均影響著婚姻與親子關係。此外,婚姻關係中的暴力情形,也會影響孩子的成長。然而,伴侶的支持是治療性創傷的契機,有助於母職的實踐。
性被害經驗對於生物性母職的影響為:排拒婦科的身體檢查、懷孕時需面對產檢的不適。在社會性母職方面為:擔心女兒會被性侵害,投射出自己曾被性侵害的恐懼;擔心孩子受到傷害,而難以放手讓孩子獨立去探索;照顧重心放在孩子身上,忽略自己的需求,易令自己陷於疲累的循環中;生氣或憂鬱的情緒干擾會影響親職行為的表現;對於女兒維護婚前貞操的期待;因為女兒的被性傷害而記起自己過去受傷的事實。而有關性侵害的代間傳遞情形,則需要未來的研究進一步探索。
研究參與者與母親的母女關係,多是經由同理母親或被母親拒絕的過程,不再執著於母愛的尋求,而學習去區隔出自我與母親的關係,建構出屬於自己且不同於其母親的母職形貌。此外,她們也從孩子的成長與回饋中看見自己的創傷,而開啟心理的療癒,如:因為孩子的行為問題而求助、因孩子遭受性傷害而受助、從孩子身上發現自己生氣的來源,或是以憂鬱表達使孩子受害的自責。亦即,當她們願意去承擔母職的挑戰,願意去面對改變時,性被害與母職的經驗即能彼此相互成長並正向影響。而在面對母職挑戰與創傷療癒的過程中,心理諮商與社會資源能夠扮演重要支持的角色。
從後殖民女性主義的觀點來看,孩子是她們透過擁抱母職來實現自我,並藉以取得自我定義的權力象徵。母職也是她們對於所遭受暴力壓迫的一種抗議,並由此展現自己的自主與能力,也是重新尋求自我認同的過程。
本研究發現母親角色對性創傷具有重要的意義,心理諮商需視被害人的母職實踐為單純的成為母親的過程,並協助其珍視母職經驗在性創傷的療癒角色。而助人專業所提供的處遇,除了以孩子的最佳利益為考量觀點之外,更需要關照性被害女性的母職自主性,避免壓縮母親角色的自主。
最後,綜合研究結果提出對心理諮商與社會工作專業及未來研究的建議,以及研究者本身的省思。
The study applied to interview deeply with six sexual abused females of the motherhood experience and investigated by life history of the narrative research. The outcome was that they either suffered from sexual abuse or physical abuse, stressful events of the family, and mother-daughter feeling complex influence the relationship of marriage and parent-child. The violence in the marriage relationship influences the growth of the children. Therefore, the support from partner is the chance to cure the sexual trauma, and it’s helpful for motherhood .
The influence of sexual abused experience to the physical motherhood is to reject to examine the body, and to encounter the uncomfortable prenatal examination. The influence to social motherhood was: to worry about daughter to be sexual abused and project the fear of their suffer; to worry about children to be wounded and difficult to let them discovery independently; to take care the children and ignore themselves needs; to be easy to fail into the burnout cycle; the interference of the anger and depression to influence parental display; to expect daughter to protect their virginity before marriage; let them recall the fact that they were sexual abused because their daughters were suffered with sexual abuse. The generation of sexual abuse will be further researched in the future.
The mother-daughter relationship of between themselves and their mother was emphasized through the process rejected by mother; besides, they no longer persisted in looking for mother’s love, and learned to differentiate the relationship between themselves and their mother. They built up the motherhood image which belonged to themselves, but was different from their mother.
In addition, they saw their trauma from their children’s growth and feedback, and then started to cure the spirit. For example, to seek for the support because of children’s trouble behaviors; to accept the assistance because of children suffered from sexual abuse; to find their own anger from children, and to explain their self-blame through depression. Therefore, when they were willing to take the challenge of motherhood, and were willing to face the change, the experience of sexual abused and motherhood will be inter-growth and positive influence. Counseling and social resource played the important role facing the challenge of motherhood and the therapy of trauma.
From the viewpoint of post-colonial feminism, the children were the powerful symbolization which they embraced motherhood and accomplished themselves and attain get oneself definition. The motherhood was also an objection against violence obsession, and the expression of their autonomy and ability, as well as the process to pursue oneself identification.
The study found the meaning of the motherhood for sexual trauma. Counselor should regard the motherhood as the process becoming a mother, and helps them value the therapeutic role of motherhood experience. The professional treatment was provided in the best benefit of child-centered, and moreover was concerned about the autonomy of sexual abused female in order to avoid compressing the autonomy of mother’s role.
In conclusion, from the research findings, the study presents the suggestions for counseling, social work and the advanced research, and the researcher’s reflection.
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