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題名：國小高、低閱讀理解能力學生閱讀理解策略之比較研究
書刊名：特殊教育學報
作者：吳訓生 引用關係
作者(外文)：Wu, Shiunn-sheng
出版日期：2002
卷期：16
頁次：頁65-104
主題關鍵詞：專家生手模式；放聲思考；晤談；低閱讀理解能力學生；閱讀理解策略；The expert-novice paradigm；Thinking aloud；Interview；Students with low reading abilities；Reading comprehension strategies
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(41) 博士論文(5) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:41
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  • 點閱點閱:58
　　　　　本研究旨在運用「專家－生手模式」比較國小五年級高閱讀理解能力與低閱讀理解能力學生，閱讀使使用理解策略增進理解或克服理解困難之狀況的差異。研究對象包括國小五年級高、低閱讀理解能力學生各六位，兩組受試的智力與識字能力約略相等。研究?使用放聲思考與晤談兩種方法來收集資料。整個研究之的結果如下： 1.高閱讀理解能力學生在閱讀時，經常使用釋義與聯想延伸等兩項理解策略來增進閱讀理解。當碰到較難理解的內容時，他們會放慢閱讀進度，運用重讀策略，仔細重讀尚未能理解的部分；或者運用形成問題策略與理解監控策略，把不懂的部分變成問題來引導自己思考，並隨時監控自己的理解狀況以便調整因應。 2.低閱讀理解能力學生在閱讀時，經常使用釋義策略來增進閱讀理解。對於難度較高的文章，除了釋義策略外，也會使用聯想延伸與複述策略，對文章內容加以聯想延伸，或者複述所讀的部分詞句來增進理解。 3.在整理文章要點方面，高閱讀理解能力學生傾向於從整體的角度來組織文章的要點，並且使用比較抽象的文字；低閱讀理解能力學生傾向於從局部的方向來整理文章的重點，而且使用的是比較形象的文字，敘述方式也比較沒有組織。 4.當閱讀理解遭遇困難時，高閱讀理解能力學生會以比較積極的方式來克服因應；低閱讀理解能力學生則較傾向於使用迴避的因應方式。 5.對理解狀況及分心狀況的覺察情形，低閱讀理解能力學生對自己之理解狀況的覺察比較弱；高閱讀理解能力學生比較能覺察自己的分心狀況，而且能針對自己的分心現象提出補救措施。
　　　　　The purposes of this study were to use the expert-novice analysis as the research model for determining the cognitive cause of poor comprehensers. Expert-novice studies are extremently useful for identifying potential cognitive factors for difference experts (students with high reading ability) and novice (students with low reading ability). Six fifth-grade students with low reading comprehension skills and six higt reading comprehension skills students participated in the study. There are little difference in the IQ and word recognition skills. Two methodologies, thinking aloud and interview, are used to investigate the while reading. The results of the study are follow: 1.Parapharsing and elaborating the two comprehensive strategy often used to improving the reading comprehension by the high and low comprehensive abilities students. 2.students with high comprehensive abilities employ the whole and organized approach to summarize the content. 3.Students with high comprehensive abilities monitor their comprehensive and attractive state frequently and precisely. They use the backtracking, comprehensive monitoring, questions generating to overcome the difficulties of comprehension in reading.
期刊論文
1.Anderson, R. C.、Reynolds, R. E.、Schallert, D. L.、Goetz, E. T.(1977)。Frameworks for comprehending discourse。American Educational Research Journal，14(4)，367-381。  new window
2.Kletzien, S. B.(1992)。Proficient and less proficient comprehenders’ strategy use for different top-level structures。Journal of Reading Behavior，24(2)，191-215。  new window
3.Bereiter, Carl、Bird, M.(1985)。Use of thinking aloud in identification and teaching of reading comprehension strategies。Cognition and Instruction，2(2)，131-156。  new window
4.Williams, J. P.(1998)。Improving comprehension of disabled reader。Annals of Dyslexia，48，213-238。  new window
5.Meyer, Brandt J. F.、Brandt, D. M.、Bluth, G. J.(1980)。Use of top-level structure in text: key for reading comprehension of ninth-grade students。Reading Research Quarterly，16(1)，72-103。  new window
6.Aaron, P. G.、Joshi, R. M.、Williams, K. A.(1999)。Not all reading disabilities are alike。Journal of Learning Disability，32(2)，120-137。  new window
7.Alvermann, D. E.、Smith, L. C.、Readena, J. E.(1985)。Prior knowledge activation and strategic knowledge in academic performance。Review of Educational Research，58，375-404。  new window
8.Lysynchuk, L. M.、Pressley, M.、Vye, N. J.(1990)。Reciprocal teaching improves standardized reading comprehension performance in poor comprehenders。The Elementary School Journal，90(5)，469-484。  new window
9.Afflerbach, P. P.(1990)。The influence of prior knowledge on expert readers' main idea construction strategies。Reading Research Quarterly，25(1)，31-46。  new window
10.Just, Marcel A.、Carpenter, Patricia A.(1980)。A theory of reading: from eye fixations to comprehension。Psychological Review，87(4)，329-354。  new window
11.Dole, Janice A.、Duffy, Gerald G.、Roehler, Laura R.、Pearson, P. David(1991)。Moving from the Old to the New: Research on Reading Comprehension Instruction。Review of Educational Research，61(2)，239-264。  new window
12.Goodman, Kenneth S.(1967)。Reading: A psycholinguistic guessing game。Journal of the reading specialist，6(4)，126-135。  new window
13.Tryon, W. W.(1982)。A simplified time-series analysis for evaluating treatment interventions。Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis，15(3)，423-429。  new window
14.Paris, S. G.、Lipson, M. Y.、Wixson, K. K.(1983)。Becoming a strategic reader。Contemporary Educational Psychology，8(3)，293-316。  new window
15.Kintsch, Walter(1988)。The role of knowledge in discourse comprehension: A construction-integration model。Psychological Review，95(2)，163-182。  new window
16.Brown, A. L.、Day, J. D.(1983)。Macrorules for summarizing texts: The development of expertise。Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior，22(1)，1-14。  new window
17.Kintsch, W.、Van Dijk, T. A.(1978)。Toward a model of text comprehension and production。Psychological Review，85(5)，363-394。  new window
18.LaBerge, David、Samuels, S. Jay(1974)。Toward a theory of automatic information processing in reading。Cognitive Psychology，6(2)，293-323。  new window
19.Palincsar, A. S.、Brown, A. L.(1984)。Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-fostering and comprehension-monitoring activities。Cognition and Instruction，1(2)，117-175。  new window
20.Jones, W.、Wong, B. Y. L.(1982)。Increasing Metacomprehension in Learning Disabled and Normally Achieving Students through Self-questioning Training。Learning Disability Quarterly，5(3)，228-240。  new window
21.Snider, V. E.(1989)。Reading comprehension performance of adolescents with learning disabilities。Learning Disability Quarterly，12，87-96。  new window
22.Meyers, J.、Lytle, S.、Palladino, D.、Devenpeck, G.、Green, M.(1990)。Think-aloud protocol analysis: An investigation of reading comprehension strategies in forth- and fifth-grade students。Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment，8，112-127。  new window
23.Cox, G. C.(1994)。Enhancing comprehension through the use of visual elaboration strategies。Reading Research and Instruction，33(3)，159-174。  new window
24.Olshavsky, J. E.(1976)。Reading as problem solving: An investigation of strategies。Reading Research Quarterly，7(4)，654-674。  new window
25.Trabasso, T.、Magliano, J. P.(1996)。Conscious understanding during comprehension。Discourse Processes，21，255-287。  new window
26.Taylor, B. M.(1980)。Children's memory for expository text after reading。Reading Research Quarterly，15，399-411。  new window
27.Wade, S. E.(1990)。Using think alouds to assess comprehension。The Reading Teacher，43，442-451。  new window
28.Whitney, P.、Budd, D.(1996)。Think-aloud protocol and the study of comprehension。Discourse Processes，21，341-351。  new window
會議論文
1.Speaker, R.、Dermody, M.(1995)。Effects of reciprocal strategy training in prediction, clearification, question generating, and summarization on fourth graders' reading comprehension。沒有紀錄。190-196。  new window
研究報告
1.胡志偉、楊乃欣(1992)。中國語文心理學研究第一年度結案報告。嘉義縣民雄鄉。  延伸查詢new window
2.柯華葳(1992)。中國語文心理學研究第一年度結案報告。嘉義縣民雄鄉。  延伸查詢new window
3.曾世杰(1995)。閱讀低成就與一般學生的閱讀歷程成分分析研究。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.藍慧君(1991)。學習障礙兒童輿普通兒童閱讀不同結構文章之閱讀理解與理解策略的比較研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.楊芷芳(1994)。國小不同後設認知能力兒童的閱讀理解能力與閱讀理解策略之研究(碩士論文)。國立台中師範學院，臺中。  延伸查詢new window
3.郭靜姿(1992)。閱讀理解訓練方案對於增進高中學生閱讀策略運用與後設認知能力之成效研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.李玉貴(1998)。國小學童線上閱讀故事體文章之推論類別分析研究，0。  延伸查詢new window
5.Brady, P. L.(1990)。Improving the reading comprehension of middle school students through reciprocal teaching and semantic mapping strategies，0。  new window
圖書
1.Richek, M.、Caldwell, J.、Jennings, J.、Lerner, J.(1996)。Reading problems: Assessment and teaching strategies。Needham Heights, MA：Allyn & Bacon。  new window
2.Anderson, J. R.(2000)。Cognitive psychology and its implications。New York：Worth Publishers。  new window
3.Rayner, K.、Pollatsek, A.(1989)。The psychology of reading。Englewood Cliffs, NJ：Prentice Hall。  new window
4.Gagne, Ellen D.、Yekovich, Frank R.、Yekovich, Carol Walker(1993)。The Cognitive Psychology of School Learning。New York, NY：Harper Collins College Publishers。  new window
5.Bruning, R. H.、Schraw, G. J.、Ronning, R. R.(1999)。Cognitive psychology and instruction。Upper Saddle River, NJ：Prentice-Hall。  new window
6.Lerner, J. W.(2003)。Learning disabilities: Theories, diagnosis, and teaching strategies。New York：Houghton Mifflin Company。  new window
7.Aaron, P. G.、Joshi, R. M.(1992)。Reading Problems: Consultation and Remediation。New York：The Guilford Press。  new window
8.Smith, F.(1971)。Understanding reading: A psycholinguistic analysis of reading and learning to read。NY：Holt, Rinehart, and Winston。  new window
9.Garner, R. M.(1987)。Metacognition and Reading Comprehension。Norwood, NJ：Ablex Publishing Corporation。  new window
10.許天威、蕭金土(1999)。綜合性非語文智力測驗。臺北市：心理。  延伸查詢new window
11.Ericsson, K. Anders、Simon, Herbert Alexander(1993)。Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data。MIT Press。  new window
12.Rosenshine, B.(1980)。Skill hierarchies in reading comprehension。Theoretical issues in reading comprehension。Hillsdale, NJ。  new window
13.Mercer, C. D.(1991)。Students with learning disabilities。Upper Saddle River, NJ：Prentice-Hall, Inc.。  new window
14.Waxman, H. C.、Padron, Y. N.、Knight, S. L.(1991)。Risks associated with students' limited cognitive mastery。Handbook of special education: Research and practice, Vol. 4。沒有紀錄。  new window
其他
1.Langer, J. A.(1993)。Approaches toward meaning in low- and high-rated readers，0。  new window
圖書論文
1.Carr, T. H.、Brown, T. L.、Vavrus, L. G.、Evans, M. A.(1990)。Cognitive skill maps and cognitive skill profiles: Componential analysis of individual differences in children's reading efficiency。Reading and its development: component skills approaches。Academic Press Inc.。  new window
2.Baker, L.、Brown, A. L.(1984)。Metacognition skills and reading。Handbook of reading research。New York：Longman。  new window
3.Rumelhart, D. E.(1980)。Schemata: The Building Block of Cognition。Theoretical issues in reading comprehension。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum。  new window
4.Gough, P. B.(1972)。One second of reading。Language by ear and by eye。Cambridge, Massachusetts：MIT Press。  new window
5.Weinstein, C. E.(1978)。Elaboration skills as a learning strategy。Learning strategies。New York, NY：Academic Press。  new window
6.Chi, M. T. H.、Glaser, R.(1988)。Overview。The nature of expertise。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
 
 
 
 
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