民主與威權的制度績效：亞洲四小龍政治經濟發展的量化分析_

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題名：	民主與威權的制度績效：亞洲四小龍政治經濟發展的量化分析
書刊名：	臺灣政治學刊
作者：	林宗弘
作者(外文)：	Lin, Thung-hon
出版日期：	2007
卷期：	11:1
頁次：	頁3-67
主題關鍵詞：	民主；所得分配；經濟成長；吉尼係數；政治轉型；福利國家；Democracy；Income distribution；Gini coefficient；Political transition；Welfare state
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(7) 博士論文(0) 專書(1) 專書論文(2) 排除自我引用:4 共同引用:0 點閱:135

本文將有關亞洲四小龍經濟成長、所得分配與政權轉型的學術觀點區分為「亞洲例外論」與「普世主義論」兩組論述，亞洲例外論認為遵循亞洲價值的威權體制有助於經濟成長與所得分配的平等，普世主義論則認為民主化才有助於保證經濟穩定與分配正義。在南韓與臺灣相繼發生政治轉型之後，與民主改革停滯不前的新加坡及香港相比，形成了極佳的對照。本文引進反事實推論的Treatment Regression統計方法以及General Method of Moments模型，收集亞洲四小龍近三十年來的相關數據，來比較南韓、臺灣、新加坡以及香港的政治體制對經濟發展與所得分配的影響。結論發現亞洲四小龍的政治轉型與否，與實質經濟成長率之間並沒有明確的統計關聯，但是比起民主化之後的臺灣及南韓，香港和新加坡的吉尼係數有顯著惡化的趨勢。因此，亞洲四小龍的經濟發展與所得分配的經驗，並不支持亞洲威權體制表現較佳的「亞洲例外論」，反而成為民主作為普世價值的另一次驗證。

以文找文

There are two competing approaches, namely, the "Asian exceptionalism" and "Universalism," in regard to the political economy of the Asian tigers. The former argues that authoritarianism based on the "Asian values" has performed better than the democratic regimes in terms of influencing the course of economic development and income distribution. By contrast, following the democratization of Korea and Taiwan, the universalism approach claims that the Asian experience is not exceptional at all. In this article, I apply the counterfactual treatment regression and the generalized method of moments (GMM) to estimate the effects of political transition using pooled panel data for four Asian tigers over the period 1975-2005. The statistical results indicate that, compared with the authoritarianism that characterizes Singapore and Hong Kong, the democratization of Taiwan and Korea did not reduce the real GDP growth rate. Moreover, the Gini coefficients for Taiwan and Korea were seen to exhibit a moderate declining because of democratization, while the Gini coefficients for Singapore and Hong Kong soared sharply. Therefore, in terms of growth and equality, the institutional performance of democracy is shown to be better than the institutional performance of authoritarianism in Asia. The evidence thus supports the arguments favoring universalism, which is related to the political philosophy that regards democracy as a "universal value."

以文找文

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