This paper studies, through the model of decomposition analysis, the structure and variation of inequality of family income distribution in Taiwan during the period 1980 to 1993. The main findings are as follows: (1) either by the Gini coefficient or Oshima index, the income factor responsible for the highest proportion of family income inequality is the wage, followed by business income and property income; other income is the lowest factor; (2) as to the variation of family income inequality, changes of the shares of various factor incomes lower the Gini coefficient and Oshima index; however, this effect is not large enough to offset the rise of inequality of the income factor itself, resulting in a deterioration of family income distribution; (3) with a neoclassical growth model, we find that when technological innovations are biased toward a capital-intensive direction, the functional distribution effect improves income distribution when there are relatively large inequalities in wage income; (4) when prodution factors change toward inhomogeneity associated with economic development, the inequality of wage and nonwage income will rise inevitably, and accordingly, the whole family income distribution will deteriorate.