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題名：三至六歲幼兒的因果思考：法則推理
書刊名：中華心理學刊
作者：莊麗娟 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chuang, Li-chuan
出版日期：2010
卷期：52:1
頁次：頁75-93
主題關鍵詞：心智理論；因果思考；法則推理；條件推理；Causal thinking；Conditional reasoning；Rule reasoning；Theory of mind
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:24
  • 點閱點閱:110
為了深入瞭解學前幼兒的因果思考能力，以澄清近年來發展心理學研究的疑點，本研究以物理因果之「法則推理」為焦點，調整國外研究設計（斜坡－彈珠裝置），擴展研究向度（含「法則的歸納」與「法則的應用」二向度），追蹤80名3-6歲幼兒的因果推理。此外，為了瞭解法則推理能力是否具有跨領域的關聯性，另以「心智理論」作業，進行相關分析。結果發現：(1)3歲幼兒已能從系列線索中，歸納因果法則，並能依據特定法則，預測一系列的相關效應，其已能處理if-then的條件推理，並呈現逐年提昇一個階層的發展趨勢，及至5歲，幼兒已能有效運思if-if-if-then的階層性法則；(2)法則推理具有跨領域的關聯性，唯隨著推理內涵的不同，其相關頗有變異。其中，if-then層次的「法則的歸納」比「法則的應用」更具有跨領域的相關。
Aiming at understanding young children's causal thinking in order to clarify the current issues of developmental psychology, this study traced 80 young children's causal inference focusing on the rule reasoning of physical causality. Researcher modified the current design (the marble-ramp apparatus) and extended the dimensions of research including generating and using of rules. Besides, to understand whether rule reasoning possesses the generality cross domains, researcher employed children’s theory of mind and made correlative analysis. Results revealed that: (1) 3-year-oldscould already draw causal conclusion from evident clues and make prediction for relative effects by using specific rules. In addition, they employed if-then conditional reasoning and showed their breakthrough with the growing of their age. Around 5 years, young children were able to employ the if-if-if-then hierarchical rule effectively. (2) Rule reasoning seemed to have the generality cross domains. However, the correlations varied in different dimensions. Besides, rather than using rules, generating rules in the level of if-then, had stronger positive correlation between performance on theory of-mind and on physical causality tasks.
期刊論文
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7.Simpson, A., Riggs, K. J.,、Simon, M.(2004)。What makes the windows task difficult for young children: Rule inference of rule use?。Journal of Experimental Child Psychology，87，155-170。  new window
8.鄒啟蓉(20050900)。學齡前幼兒「錯誤信念」發展研究。特殊教育研究學刊，29，25-47。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.Wimmer, H.、Perner, J.(1983)。Beliefs about beliefs:Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception。Cognition，13，103-128。  new window
10.Frye, D.、Zelazo, P. D.、Palfai, T.(1995)。Theory of mind and rule-based reasoning。Cognitive Development，10(4)，483-527。  new window
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12.Baron-Cohen, S.(1994)。How to build a baby that canread minds:Cognitive mechanisms in mindreading。Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive / Current Psychology of Cognition，13，513-552。  new window
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17.Frye, D., Zelazo, P. D., Brooks, P.,、Samuels, M.C.(1996)。Inference and action in early causal reasoning。Developmental Psychology，32，120-131。  new window
18.Frye D., Zelazo, P. D.,、Burack, J. A.(1998)。Cognitive complexity and control: Implications for theory of mind in typical and atypical development。Current Directions in Psychological Science，7，116-121。  new window
19.Gelman, R., Bullock, M.,、Meck, E.(1980)。Preschoolers’ understanding of simple object transformations。Child Development，51，691-699。  new window
20.Gelman, S. A.,、Wellman, H. M.(1991)。Insides and essence: Early understandings of the non-obvious。Cognition，38，213-244。  new window
21.German, T. P.,、Nichols, S.(2003)。Children’s counterfactual inferences about long and short causal chains。Developmental Science，6，514-523。  new window
22.Gopnik, A., Sobel, D. M., Schulz, L. E.,、Glymour, C.(2001)。Causal learning mechanisms in very young children: Two-,three-,and four-year-olds infer causal relations from patterns of variation and covariation。Developmental Psychology，37，620-629。  new window
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26.Hughes, C.,、Ensor, R.(2007)。Executive function and theory of mind: Predictive relations from ages 2 to 4。Developmental Psychology，43，1447-1459。  new window
27.Kalish, C.(1996)。Causes and symptoms in preschooler's conceptions of illness。Child Development，67，1647-1670。  new window
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29.McClelland, J. L.,、Thompson, R. M.(2007)。Using domain-general principles to explain children’s causal reasoning abilities。Developmental Science，10，333-356。  new window
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31.Moses, L. J.、Flavell, J. H.(1990)。Inferring false beliefs from actions and reactions。Child Development，61，929-945。  new window
32.Ruffman, T., Olson, D. R., Ash, T.,、Keenan, T.(1993)。The ABCs of deception: Do young children understand deception in the same way as adults?。Developmental Psychology，29，74-87。  new window
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34.Schulz, L. E., Gopnik, A.,、Glymour, C.(2004)。Preschool children learn causal structure from conditional interventions2007。  new window
35.Shultz, T. R.、Mendelson, R.(1975)。The use of covariation as a principle of causal analysis。Child Development，46，394-399。  new window
36.Sobel, D. M., Tenenbaum, J. B.,、Gopnik, A.(2004)。Children’s causal inferences from indirect evidence:Backwards blocking and Bayesian reasoning in preschoolers。Cognitive Science，28，303-333。  new window
37.Sodian, B.(1991)。The development of deception in young children。British Journal of Developmental Psychology，9，173-188。  new window
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42.Yerys, B. E.、Munakata, Y.(2006)。When labels hurt but novelty helps:Children’s perseveration and flexibility in a card-sorting task。Child Development，77，1589-1607。  new window
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學位論文
1.保心怡(2003)。幼兒對於心智理解作業的理解情形及運用故事活動介入的效果研究(博士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Piaget, J.(1930)。The child’s conception of physical causality。New York, NY：Harcourt, Brace & Company。  new window
2.Perner, Josef(1991)。Understanding the Representational Mind。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。  new window
3.Bartsch, K.、Wellman, H. M.(1995)。Children talk about the mind。New York, NY：Oxford University Press。  new window
4.Piaget, Jean(1929)。The child's conception of the world。Routledge and Kegan Paul。  new window
5.Gopnik, A.,、Meltzoff, A. N.(1997)。Words, thoughts and theories。Cambridge, MA。  new window
6.Slaughter, V., Jaakkola, R.,、Carey, S.(1999)。Constructing a coherent theory:Children’s biological understanding of life and death。Children’s understanding of biology and health。Cambridge MA。  new window
7.Hala, S.(1997)。The development of social cognition.Hove。England。  new window
圖書論文
1.Gopnik, A.、Wellman, H. M.(1994)。The Theory Theory。Mapping the mind: Domain specificity in cognition and culture。New York, NY：Cambridge, England：Cambridge University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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