認同重要性、認同確定性及認同落差概念之生態效度：青少年自我認同個別介入方案之療效評估_

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題名：	認同重要性、認同確定性及認同落差概念之生態效度：青少年自我認同個別介入方案之療效評估
書刊名：	中華心理衛生學刊
作者：	陳坤虎／雷庚玲／宋維村／吳英璋
作者(外文)：	Chen, Kun-hu／Lay, Keng-ling／Soong, Wei-tsuen／Wu, En-chang
出版日期：	2011
卷期：	24:4
頁次：	頁549-582
主題關鍵詞：	認同重要性；認同確定性；認同落差；生態效度；介入方案；Identity improtance；Identity firmness；Identity discrepancy；Ecological validity；Intervention program
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:3 共同引用:43 點閱:87

研究目的：Erik Erikson的心理社會發展理論以「自我認同」為青少年期最重要的發展要務。Erikson並冀望能將認同概念用以解釋心理病理的發展。過去研究已釐清了認同重要性、認同確定性、及認同落差的概念及每個向度中的認同內容（個人認同、社會認同、形象認同），及描述其發展現象，同時也探討了這些認同概念及內容與身心健康的關係。為進一步將這些認同概念落實於幫助青少年之認同發展及身心健康，並檢驗認同重要性、確定性、落差等三概念之生態效度，本研究設計了一套融合認同概念與認知行為治療的個別介入方案。研究方法：本研究以向學校輔導中心求助的8位及12位大學生為治療組及流失組的樣本來源，進行「青少年自我認同個別介入方案」。研究結果：研究結果大體顯示，「治療組」在三項認同確定性、三項認同落差，及心理健康指標上皆有進步。「治療組」於介入方案結束後在多項心理健康指標上甚至還優於「常模組」。研究結論：此結果顯示此介入方案確實能改善青少年的自我認同及身心健康，然而其持續效果或對不同問題的適用性仍需未來研究進一步探討。

以文找文

Purpose: Erik Erikson postulated that identity formation is the most important developmental task during adolescence. Erikson was also particularly interested in relating identity formation to developmental psychopathology. Our previous studies, which apply the Eriksonian framework, have been devoted to differentiating the measurements of identity importance, identity firmness, and identity discrepancy as well as their aspects in personal, social, and image identity. The developmental trend (Chen, Lay, & Wu, 2005) as well as the relations between the three identity concepts and mental health (Chen, Lay, & Wu, 2003a, b; Chen, Lay, Wu, & Yao, 2007) have also been documented. The goal of the present study is to develop a self-identity intervention program to promote adolescent positive mental health. Methods: The Adolescent Individual Identity Intervention Program (AIIIP) combines the three identity concepts with cognitive behavioral therapy. We administered the AIIIP to a high-risk college sample (the treatment group) of 8 college students (5 males & 3 females, mean age = 22.61) who solicited help from two university student counseling centers (mean number of therapeutic sessions = 10.55, range = 8-14). To verify the manipulation effect and evaluate the therapeutic outcome, we compared the identity concepts and mental health indices before and after treatment with indices from two other samples. Specifically, the drop-out group consisted of 12 students (5 males & 7 females, mean age = 22.99) who had solicited help from the same counseling centers but did not finish all AIIIP sessions. The normal group consisted of 272 college students (103 males & 169 females, mean age = 20.54) from the general population of the same universities. Results: The analysis of the manipulation effect demonstrated that in the treatment group, personal identity firmness significantly increased and all three aspects of identity discrepancy decreased after completion of the AIIIP. Examination of the therapeutic effect revealed that the score of Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale significantly increased, and almost all indices of psychological symptoms indicated in SCL-90R improved after completion of the AIIIP. The treatment group’s scores after attending the AIIIP were even marginally significantly better than the normal group on several indices of mental health (e.g., somatization, OCD, interpersonal sensitivity). Conclusions: The AIIIP is effective in facilitating adolescent self-identity as well as positive mental health. The maintenance effect of the AIIIP and its application to different psychological problems remain to be examined in future studies.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	雷庚玲(19991200)。Erikson之心理社會階段理論於921震災後兒童心理復健之應用。中華心理衛生學刊，12(4)，93-128。延伸查詢
2.	李明濱、Lee, Y. J.、Yen, L. L.、Lin, M. H.、Lue, B. H.(19901200)。Reliability and Validity of Using a Brief Psychiatric Symptom Rating Scale in Clinical Practice。臺灣醫學會雜誌，89(12)，1081-1087。
3.	陳坤虎、雷庚玲、吳英璋(20050900)。不同階段青少年之自我認同內容及危機探索之發展差異。中華心理學刊，47(3)，249-268。延伸查詢
4.	Meeus, W.、van de Schoot, R.、Keijsers, L.、Branje, S.(2012)。Identity statuses as developmental trajectories: A five-wave longitudinal study in early-to-middle and middle- to-late adolescents。Journal of Youth and Adolescence，41(8)，1008-1021。
5.	蔡茂堂、文榮光、林信男、宋維村、陳珠璋(19780700)。精神科門診病人自填症狀量表之應用經驗。中華民國神經精神醫學會會刊，4(2)，47-56。延伸查詢
6.	Pike, K.M.、Walsh, B. T.、Vitousek, K.、Wilson, G. T.、Bauer, J.(2003)。Cognitive behavioral therapy in the posthospitalization treatment of anorexia nervosa。American Journal of Psychiatry，160，2046-2049。
7.	Pynoos, R. S.、Steinberg, A. M.、Piacentini, J. C.(1999)。A developmental psychopathology model of childhood traumatic stress and intersection with anxiety disorders。Biological Psychiatry，46，1542-1554。
8.	Chen, K. H.、Lay, K. L.、Wu, Y. C.、Yao, G.(2007)。Adolescent mental health and self-identity: The function of identity importance, identity firmness, and identity discrepancy。Chinese Journal of Psychology，49(1)，53-72。
9.	Becker, S. J.、Sanchez, C. C.、Curry, J. F.、Silva, S.、Tonev, S.(2008)。Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescent depression。Psychiatric Times，25，46-48。
10.	Chen, K. H.、Yao, G.(2010)。Investigating Adolescent Health-Related Quality of Life: From a Self-Identity Perspective。Social Indicators Research，96(3)，403-415。
11.	Goenjian, A.、Stilwell, B. M.、Steinberg, A. M.、Fairbanks, L. A.、Galvin, M. R.、Karayan, I.、Pynoos, R. S.(1999)。Moral development and psychopathological interference in conscience functioning among adolescents after trauma。Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry，38，376-384。
12.	Silverman, W. K.、Kurtines, W. M、Ginsburg, G. S、Weems, C. F、Lumpkin, P. W.、Carmichael, D. H.(1999)。Treating anxiety disorders in children with group cognitive behavioral therapy: A randomized clinical trial。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，67，995-1003。
13.	Spence, S.、Donovan, C.、Brechman-Toussaint, M.(2000)。The treatment of childhood social phobia: The effectiveness of a social skills training-based cognitive behavioral intervention with and without parental involvement。Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry，41，713-726。
14.	Hanna, N. A.、Berndt, T. J.(1995)。Relations between friendship, group acceptance, and evaluations of summer camp。Journal of Early Adolescence，15，456-475。
15.	Kaplan, C. A.、Thompson, A. E.、Searson, S. M.(1995)。Cognitive behavior therapy in children and adolescents。Archives of Disease in Childhood，73，472-475。
16.	Kazdin, A. E.、Weisz, J. R.(1998)。Identifying and developing empirically supported child and adolescent treatments。Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology，66(1)，19-36。

會議論文
1.	Chen, K. H.、Lay, K. L.、Wu, Y. C.(2003)。Sense of identity firmness and emotional disorder。Taipei, ROC。

圖書
1.	Kivnick, Helen Q.、Erikson, Joan Mowat、Erikson, Erik Homburger(1997)。Vital Involvement in Old Age: The Experience of Old Age in Our Time。W. W. Norton and Company。
2.	Erikson, E. H.(1993)。Identity: Youth and Crisis。New York：W. W. Norton & Company。
3.	Adams, G. R.、Gullotta, T. P.、Markstrom-Adams, C.(1994)。Adolescent life experiences。Pacific Grove, CA：Brooks。
4.	Ellis, A.(1999)。How to make yourself happy and remarkably less disturbable。Impact。
5.	Gullotta, T. P.、Adams, G. R.(2005)。Handbook of adolescent behavioral problems: Evidence-based approaches to prevention and treatment。New York, NY：Springer。
6.	Stallard, P.(2002)。Think good-feel good: A cognitive behavior therapy workbook for children and young people。John Wiley & Sons Ltd.。
7.	Erikson, Erik Homburger(1980)。Identity and the life cycle。W. W. Norton & Company。
8.	Waterman, A. S.(1984)。The Psychology of Individualism。New York, NY：Praeger。
9.	Beck, Aaron T.(1976)。Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders。New York：International Universities Press。
10.	Collins, W. A.、Steinberg, L.(2006)。Adolescent development in interpersonal context。Handbook of child psychology。New York。
11.	Erikson, J. M.、Erikson, E. H.(1950)。Growth and crises of the “healthy personality。Symposium on the healthy personality。New York。
12.	Friedberg, R. D.、McClure, J. M.(2002)。Clinical practice of cognitive therapy with children and adolescents: The nuts and bolts。New York。
13.	Kendall, P. C.(1991)。Guiding theory for treating children and adolescents。Child and adolescent therapy: Cognitive-behavior procedures。New York。
14.	Kendall, P. C.(2000)。Child and adolescent therapy: Cognitive-behavior procedures。New York。
15.	Reinecke, M. A.、Dattilio, F. M.、Freeman, A.(2006)。What makes for an effective treatment。Cognitive therapy with children and adolescents: A casebook for clinical practice。New York。
16.	Shirk, S.、Burwell, R.、Harter, S.(2006)。Strategies to modify low self-esteem in adolescents。Cognitive therapy with children and adolescents: A casebook for clinical practice。New York。
17.	Wallace, S. A.、Crown, J. M.、Cox, A. D.、Berger, M.(1995)。Epidemiologically based needs assessment: child and adolescent mental health。Winchester：Wessex Institute of Public Health。
18.	Derogatis, L. R.、Cleary, P. A.(1977)。The SCL-90R manual I: Scoring, administration and procedure for the SCL-90R。Baltimore：Clinical Psychometric Research。

其他
1.	Chen, K. H.，Lay, K. L.，Wu, Y. C.(2003)。Sense of identity firmness and positive mental health，Washington, DC.。

圖書論文
1.	Rosenberg, M.(1965)。Society And the Adolescent Self-image。The Self。San Francisco：McGraw Hill。
2.	Blascovich, Jim、Tomaka, Joseph(1991)。Measures of Self-esteem。Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes。San Diego, CA：Academic Press。
3.	Marcia, J. E.(1980)。Identity in adolescence。Handbook of adolescent psychology。New York：John Wiley & Sons。
4.	Waterman, A. S.(1992)。Identity as an aspect of optimal psychological functioning。Adolescent Identity Formation。Newbury Park, CA：Sage。
5.	Cheek, J. M.(1989)。Identity Orientations and Self-Interpretation。Personality psychology: Recent trends and emerging directions。Springer Verlag。
6.	Dreyer, P. H.(1994)。Designing curricular identity interventions for secondary schools。Interventions for adolescents identity development。California：Sage。

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