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題名:「華人夷官」:明代外蕃華籍貢使考述
書刊名:中國文化研究所學報
作者:陳學霖
作者(外文):Chan, Hok-lam
出版日期:2012
卷期:54
頁次:頁29-68
主題關鍵詞:華人夷官明代朝貢制度日本琉球爪哇暹羅滿剌加葡萄牙Sino-Barbarian OfficialsMing dynasty tributary systemJapanLiuqiuRyūkyūJavaSiamMelakaPortugal
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(1) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:67
  • 點閱點閱:238
During the Ming dynasty, China’s rulers restructured the traditional “tributary system” as the institutional mechanism to pursue foreign policy and official trade with their overland and island “vassal” states. Except for short periods of time when the Ming emperors temporary suspended the system and prohibited overseas trade out of political and economic concerns, many foreign states from Northeast and Southeast Asia sent tributebearing missions to the Chinese court. It is striking that some of these tributary missions included official representatives—head envoys or accompanying interpreters—who were native Chinese from the coastal provinces then residing in the foreign land. Chinese writers dubbed these people as “Sino-Barbarian Officials.” Who were these people, how did they come to live in foreign soils and under what circumstances that they served their adopted rulers? Why were they chosen as official representatives of their adopted states to head a tributary mission to their native country? How were they treated by the Chinese rulers, how did their service and activities impact the conduct of foreign relations and regulated trade, and whose interests, other than their own, did they actually serve? These are some of the intriguing questions that should interest historians of various persuasion. The present essay culls data from the Chinese reign records (i.e. Ming shilu) on several key foreign states that had employed the Chinese residents to serve in their tributary missions to the Ming court, such as Japan, Liuqiu (Ryūkyū), Siam, Java, and Melaka during the active periods of the Ming dynasty, accounts for their activities, and attempts to address some of the pertinent questions raised. It is hoped that these findings, though short of completeness, may shed some significant light on the above questions and lay the ground for further investigation of this phenomenal aspects of Ming relations and trade with foreign states in Northeast and Southeast Asia, and the vicissitudes of the seafaring Chinese migrated to these distant lands in the pre-modern era.
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