臺灣已邁入高齡化社會，如何建構高齡友善社會乃當務之急，惟近年來各項統計顯示老人保護案件逐年上升，值得關注。因此，本研究目的在於了解老人保護案件的成因，以及當事人兩造雙方〈指受虐老人與施虐者〉之特質。研究方法採用描述性的統計分析方法，透過收集高雄地區468案之老人保護個案紀錄，依據研究目的進行分析。研究結果發現老人保護案件之成因以兩造關係衝突和緊張、被害人之身體上病狀和施虐者之心理病態為主。在影響保護案件被害人之歷史事件中，以受虐老人對家庭不負扶養責任為居多，其次為酒癮，再其次則為對家人肢體暴力。此外，在施虐者特質方面，則以失業為居多，其次為罹患精神疾病，再其次則為酗酒。最後，本研究針對研究結果，提出社工實務因應老人保護案件之對策，以供政策上參考。

Taiwan is facing the challenge of becoming an aging society, so determining how to construct a friendly environment for seniors has become a significant issue. Various statistics present that cases of elderly protection are increasing annually and that the relevant causes relate to the characteristics of the involved (victims and perpetrators) becoming the study's aim. The descriptive statistical analysis is applied to 468 cases collected in the Kaohsiung region. The results show that the problems entailed are mostly due to conflict and tension between the two parties, i.e. the physical symptoms of the elderly and the psychological states of the perpetrators in their care. The fact that those victims do not take responsibility to take care of the family is the main cause; secondly, some are alcoholic, and third, there is domestic violence. Furthermore, the perpetrators are unemployment, mentally ill and alcoholic. It is hoped that the conclusion of this study can be referred to for strategies of social work in elderly protection and policy refence.