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題名：目標設定方式與目標預期差異對認知與工作表現之影響
書刊名：教育與心理研究
作者：汪孝慈／陳彰儀 引用關係
出版日期：1992
卷期：15
頁次：頁1-20
主題關鍵詞：VIE值；工作；方式；目標；表現；值問卷；差異；問卷；設定；預期；認知
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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　　　　　本研究的目的是欲了解目標設定方式與目標預期差異對個體工作動機的影響。本 實驗的受試為 120 名國立政治大學學生，以 6 人為一組，每組受試隨機指派到參與目標設 定或指派目標之中的一個實驗處理。研究採用 2 × 2 （目標設定方式：參與式或指派式× 目標預期差異：一致或不一致）的二因子實驗設計，依變項為受試在文書校對工作上的工作 表現、三認知成份（ VIE 值， V 代表主觀價值觀，E 代表期望值，I 代表獲利可能）的問 卷回答改變情形以及對目標接受的程度。研究結果發現，指派目標組在團體目標和個人的預 期一致時的工作表現高於預期不一致時； 參與目標設定組在預期不一致時的 VIE 值增加量 大於預期一致時； 在預期不一致時，參與目標設定組的 VIE 增加量大於指派目標組；參與 目標設定組對團體目標的接受度高於指派目標組；而預期一致時對團體目標的接受度高於預 期不一致時。最後，研究者討論造成此結果的一些可能原因，並檢討在實驗進行中可能產生 的一些偏差及對未來研究的一些建議。
　　　　　The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of goal setting and expectancy on individual's motivation. One hundred and twenty students were assigned randomly to 4 experimectal conditions differing in terms of goal setting methods (assigned vs. participatively set goals) and goal-expectancy differences (consistent vs. different). The results indicated that: (a) For assigned goals groups, expectancy consistent groups performed better than expectancy different groups (b) For expectancy different groups, participatively set goals groups had greater VIE increment than assigned goals groups, (c) For those with participatively set goals, expectancy different groups had greater VIE increment than expectancy consistent groups, (d) participatively set goal groups had higher goal acceptance than assigned goal groups, and (e) expectancy consistent groups had higher goal acceptance than expectancy different groups.
期刊論文
1.Dachler, H. Peter、Mobley, William H.(1973)。Construct validation of an instrumentality-expectancy-task-goal model of work motivation: Some theoretical boundary conditions。Journal of Applied Psychology Monograph，58，397-418。  new window
2.Latham, G. P.、Yuki, G. A.(1975)。A Review of Research on the Application of Goal Setting in Organizations。Academy of Management Journal，18(4)，824-845。  new window
3.Locke, E. A.(1968)。Toward a theory of task performance and incentives。Organizational Behavior and Human Performance，3，157-189。  new window
4.Mitchell, Terence R.(1973)。Motivation and Participation: An Integration。Academy of Management Journal，16(4)，670-679。  new window
5.Coch, Lester、French, John R. P. Jr.(1948)。Overcoming resistance to change。Human Relations，1，512-532。  new window
6.Steers, R. M.、Potter, L. W.(1974)。The role of task goal attributes in employee performance。Psychological Bulletin，81(7)，434-452。  new window
7.Latham, G. P.、Erez, M.、Locke, E. A.(1988)。Resolving Scientific Disputes by the Joint Design of Crucial Experiments by the Antagonists: Application to the Erez-Latham Dispute Regarding Participation in Goal Setting。Journal of Applied Psychology，73(4)，753-777。  new window
8.Erez, M.、Kanfer, F. H.(1983)。The role of goal acceptance in goal setting and task performance。Academy of Management Review，8，454-463。  new window
9.Heneman, H. G. III、Schwab, D. P.(1972)。Evaluation of Research on Expectancy Theory Predictions of Employee Performance。Psychological Bulletin，78(1)，1-9。  new window
10.Connolly, T.(1976)。Some conceptual and methodological issues in expectancy models of work motivation。Academy of Management Review，1，37-47。  new window
11.Davis, Keith(1957)。Management by participation: Its place in today's business world。Management Review，46，69-79。  new window
12.Garland, H.(1985)。A cognitive mediation theory of task goals and human performance。Motivation and Emotion，9，345-367。  new window
13.IIlgen, D. R.、Nebeker, D. M.、Pritchard, R. D.(1981)。Expectancy theory measures: An empirical comparison in an experimental simulation。Organization Behavior and Human Performance，28，189-223。  new window
14.Kahn, R. L.(1974)。Organizational development: Some problems and proposals。Journal of Applied Behavioral Science，10，485-502。  new window
15.Lewin, K.(1943)。Force behind food habits and methods of change。Bulletin of the National Resource Council，108，35-65。  new window
16.Matsui, T.、Okada, A.、Mizuguchi, R.(1981)。Expectancy theory prediction of the goal theory postulate, "The harder the goals, the highter the performance"。Journal of Applied Psychology，66，54-58。  new window
17.Miller, L. E.、Grush, J. E.(1988)。Improving predictions in expectancy theory research: Effects of personality, expectancies, and norms。Academy of Management Journal，31，107-122。  new window
18.Mitchell, T. R.(1974)。Expectancy models of job satisfaction, occupational preference, and effort: A theoretical, methodological, and empirical appraisal。Psychological Bulletin，81，1053-1077。  new window
19.Neider, L. L.(1980)。An experimental field investigation untilizing an expectancy theory view of participation。Organizational Behavior and Human Performance，26，425-442。  new window
20.Rosenfeld, J. M.、Smith, M. J.(1967)。Participative management: Art overview。Personnel Journal，46，101-104。  new window
21.Schwab, Donald P.、Olian-Gottlieb, Judy D.、Heneman, Herbert G. III(1979)。Between-Subjects Expectancy Theory Research: A Statistical Review of Studies Predicting Effort and Performance。Psychological Bulletin，86(1)，139-147。  new window
22.Locke, E. A.、Shaw, K. N.、Saari, L. M.、Latham, G. P.(1981)。Goal setting and task performance: 1969-1980。Psychological Bulletin，90(1)，125-152。  new window
23.Tubbs, M. E.(1986)。Goal setting: A meta-analytic examination of the empirical evidence。Journal of Applied Psychology，71(3)，474-483。  new window
圖書
1.Lawler, Edward E. III(1973)。Motivation in Work Organizations。Brooks/Cole Publishing Company。  new window
2.Siegel, Laurence、Lane, Irving M.(1982)。Personnel and organizational psychology。Homewood, Illinois：Richard D. Irwin, Inc.。  new window
3.Lawler, E. E.(1971)。Pay and Organizational Effectiveness: A Psychological View。New York：McGraw-Hill。  new window
4.Lewin, K.(1951)。Field theory in social science。New York：Harper & Row。  new window
5.Vroom, Victor Harold(1964)。Work and motivation。John Wiley & Sons, Inc.。  new window
圖書論文
1.Yang, K. S.(1986)。Chinese personality and its change。The psychology of the Chinese people。Hong Kong：Oxford University Press。  new window
2.Campbell, J. P.、Pritchard, R. D.(1976)。Motivation theory in industrial and organizational psychology。Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology。Chicago：Rand McNally。  new window
 
 
 
 
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