認同，一般說來，乃是臺灣現階段政治論述與爭議的一項重點。本文嘗試分析人 之認同的兩個環節，一是人理性反思的能力，其次是人對社群團體的歸屬感，並就此說明認 同之政治論述的兩種型態，一是強調普遍性的「世界公民」或「普世主義」，另一則是肯定 特殊性的「認同政治」或「差別政治」，同時，進一步剖析它們各自之意義及蘊含在論證上 的不足之處。另一方面，人闡述自己之認同意義的一重要途徑 -- 敘述性之認同 -- 亦是本 文說明的一項課題，「敘述性之認同」所包含的「遺忘」與「記憶」尤其是分析的重點。循 就這樣的說明，本文嘗試論證的主題乃是：人的認同，不論是個人或社群團體，若不走向「 本質主義式」的建構途徑，那麼，認同之形構必然是介之於普遍性與特殊性、以及，就敘述 性的認同而言，介之於記憶與遺忘的動態的交互作用之過程。此「非本質主義的認同的形構 」，在政治層面上，方有可能形成人與社群團體彼此之間的對話、瞭解的基本條件，也才可 能構成文明作風的政治。

　　　　　Generally speaking, identity, whether personal or communal, constitutes itself as a major political issue in contemporary Taiwan. Owing to this consideration, this essay tries to explain the meaning of human identity in terms of analyzing its two moments: one is the capacity for rational self-reflection, the other is the sense of belonging to a particular community. On the bais of this,Twill proceed to explain the historical and political discourses concerning human identity, mainly cosmopolitanism and identity politics as well as narrative identity, with an aim to refuting the essentialist conception of identity. The poper tries to argue two theses first, the formation of human identity, properly speaking, consists in the dynamic dialectics between particularity and universality, and in regard to narrative identity, forgetting and remembering, and second, an anti-essentialist conception of identity can be viewed as the basic condition for mutual understanding and respect.