我國的民族思想，可追溯至春秋、戰國時期，在儒家經傳中屣見不鮮，顯示了我 中華民族的特點。從 1840 年鴉片戰爭後，清廷喪權辱國始，經 1931 年九一八事變發生， 1937 年抗日戰爭爆發，1949 年政府遷臺， 1970 年退出聯合國等衝擊，國人救亡圖存之心 殷切，為統一國民意志，培養民族意識，以體魄的鍛鍊與精神互為表裡的體育政策，肩負了 強國強種的任務。本研究之目的在探究我國民族意識之內涵、形成背景、發展及評價，以助 我國今後體育政策制定之參考。本研究採文獻研究，以 1862 年清廷實施新教育至 1978 年 中美斷交為範圍做析論對象，研究結果，歸納如下結論：一、民族意識的內涵與民族精神的 關係有其重要性。二、民族意識形成的背景包括中國民族意識的覺醒、西方民族意識的啟導 。三、民族意識與體育政策的發展可分軍國民論、體育救國論及民族精神論的體育第三期。 四、民族意識的體育政策評價有正、負面的論點，惟正面大於負面的效果。

　　　　　The nationalist ideology of our country can be traced back to the spring and Autumn Era and the Warring States Period, and can be seen frequently in Confucianist classics, which indicates the national trait of the Chinese people. Subjected to the impact from the national humiliations and loss of sovereignty the Manchu court suffered after the poium War in 1840, through the occurrence of the Mukden (September 18th) Incident in 1931, the breakout of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, the relocation of the seat of government to Taiwan in 1949, to the withdrawal of our country from the United Nations in 1970, our people have been earnestly preocoupied with the wish of saving our country from destruction for national survival. To unite the will of the people and cultivate nationalist consciousnessm, the mission of national self-strengthening fell on the shoulders of a physical education policy that combined the dual purposes of builiding up physical health externally and cultivating a mationalist spirit internally. The purpose of this study is to explore the significance of our nationalist consciousness, the background of its formation, its development and evaluation, in order to offer assistance as a reference for the formulation of our physical education policy in future. Based on the method of documentary research, this study takes as its object of analysis the chronological scope that covers the period from 1862 when the Manchu court implemented new education to 1978 when the Sino-American diplomatic relationship was severed. As a result of the research, the study has induced the following conclusions: 1. The significance of nationalist consciousness is important to its relationship with nationalist spirit. 2. The background to the formation of nationalist consciousness includes the awakening of Chinese nationalist consciousness and the inspirational guidance by Western nationalist consciousness. 3. The development of nationalist consciousness and physical education policy can be divided into three stages of physical education policy: militarist nationalism, the thesis of national salvation by physical education, and the thesis of nationalist spirit. 4. The evaluation of nationalist-consciousness physical education involves pro's and con's thpugh positive effects outweigh negative ones.