Based upon comparative viewpoints, this study was an attempt to explore what and how athletes utilize their free time, how athletes perceive benefits from leisure participation, as wall as the relationships between leisure benefits and training effects in three independent studies. 59 profeesional baseball players, 343 major college athletes, and 95 minor college athletes were selected as research subjects in these three studies. The results showed that athletes have enough free time, during which they are able to choose and participate activities they like. Watching TV, reading newspapers, listening to music and taking a rest are the most common activities. Professional baseball players and major college athletes perceive higher benefits than minor college athletes from leisure participation. Stress-relief as a result of leisure pursuits positively contributes to training effects for all of three athletes groups. However, wellness of life and quality of life affect athletes' training effects in different ways. Major and minor college athletes positively perceived the wellness of life as a result of leisure participation, while professional baseball players perceived in a negative way. Quality of life positively contributes to professional baseball players and minor college athletes, yet negatively to major college athletes. Possible reasons were proposed for explanation. Some strategies related to enhance athletes training effects through leisure benefits were proposed.