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題名：Experience as the Reality--The Narrative of Joyce Carol Oates in them and Because It Is Bitter, and Because It Is My Heart
書刊名：英語語言與文學學刊
作者：徐儷娜 引用關係
作者(外文)：Hsu, Lina
出版日期：1999
卷期：6
頁次：頁29-41
主題關鍵詞：新寫實主義；現實；敍事結構；敍事觀點；Neo-realism；Reality；Narrative structure；Point of view
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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　　　　　當代美國小說在經歷六十年代後現代主義的波濤洶湧後，逐漸沉潛，而寫實主義則有復甦的跡象，為與古典寫實派小說有所區隔，批評家遂稱之為新寫實主義。此派作家雖承襲傳統卻也有所創新，其不僅描摹呈現外在世界，更重視藉由文字引領讀者深刻地體驗人生。喬以絲．凱洛．歐慈為其中一位頗負盛名的小說家，本文乃分析其早期成名作「他們」(或譯「雲泥」)以及近期之「我心深處」(暫譯)兩本小說的敘事技巧，期彰顯歐慈小說經驗建構之過程。本研究首先討論心理寫實主義在歐慈作品中所扮演的角色，繼而深討其藉由第三人稱敘事者之運用、敘事觀點之轉移、以及時間要素之掌控，激發讀者主動閱讀，自行判斷，強化對作品的感受力，令其不僅體會小說主角在夢魘般生活中之愛恨憂懼，同時也領悟小說與現實世界的差距。
　　　　　Neo-realism is a newly developed term used to describe some American writers after the mid-20　 century. They superficially follow the tradition of realism, but actually stress inducing the reader to experience modern life, both inward and outward, more than providing him with a tenable reality. Owing to the different subjects they address, these writers display a variety of styles. Joyce Carol Oates is one of the major writers in this trend. Her work is among the many faces of neo-realism in contemporary American fiction. This paper analyzes the narrative of Oates in two of her novels, them and Because It Is Bitter, and Because It Is My Heart, in order to better understand the constitution of experience in her fiction. The first part of the study discusses the psychological realism of Oates. The third-person narration of what occurs in the characters' consciousness supplies clues for the reader to construct the characters and also the formidable living plight that they are trapped in. Moreover, some narrative twists in the novels indicate Oates' endeavor to involve the reader and prompt active reading. The narrator, though concealed, poses a problem for the reader. The result is that the reader becomes aware of the discrepancy between reality and fiction and has to make his own judgement, as the second part of the paper shows. Oates also manipulates the point of view and the time element to such a degree that reader's participation becomes indispensable in the process of reading. With this unique technique in narrative, Oates has been able to create a disturbing experience that is distinctively American. In the meantime, she has testified that realism did not lose its charm at the end of the century.
期刊論文
1.Bedient, Calvin(1973)。Sleeping Beauty and the Love Like Hatred。New York Times Book Review，14，19-22。  new window
2.Ditsky, John(1972)。The Man on the Quaker Oates Box: Characteristics of Recent Experimental Fiction。George Review，20，297-313。  new window
3.Gardner, John(1980)。The Strange Real World。New York Times Book Review，20，99-109。  new window
4.Parini, Jay(1987)。My Writing Is Full of Lives I Might Have Led。The Boston Guide Magazine，2。  new window
5.Robinson, Sally(1992)。Heat And Cold: Recent Fiction by Joyce Carol Oates。Michigan Quarterly Review，31(3)，400-414。  new window
圖書
1.Chatman, Seymour(1980)。Story and Discourse: Narratives Structure in Fiction and Film。Story and Discourse: Narratives Structure in Fiction and Film。London。  new window
2.Grant, Damian(1970)。Realism。London。  new window
3.Oates, Joyce Carol(1969)。them。New York。  new window
4.Bradbury, Malcolm(1992)。The Modern American Novel。Oxford University Press。  new window
5.Eagleton, Terry(1983)。Literary Theory: An Introduction。Mimmeapolis：Oxford：Terry Easota Press：Basil Blackwell。  new window
6.Iser, Wolfgang(1978)。The act of reading。The Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
7.Bloom, Harold(1987)。Joyce Carol Oates。Joyce Carol Oates。New York。  new window
8.Bradbury, Malcolm(1978)。Contemporary American Fiction。Contemporary American Fiction。Baltimore。  new window
9.Creighton, Joanne(1992)。Joyce Carol Oates: Novels of the Middle Years。Joyce Carol Oates: Novels of the Middle Years。New York。  new window
10.Fluck, Winfried(1992)。Surface Knowledge And ‘deep’ Knowledge: the New Realism in American Fiction。Neo Realism in Contemporary American Fiction。Amsterdam。  new window
11.Hilfer, Tony(1992)。American Fiction Since 1940。American Fiction Since 1940。London。  new window
12.James, Henry(1979)。The Art of Fiction。The Norton Anthology of American Literature (Vol. 2)。New York。  new window
13.Karl, Frederick R.(1983)。American Fiction 1940-1980。American Fiction 1940-1980。NY。  new window
14.Manske, Eva(1992)。The Nightmare of Reality: Gothic Fantasies And Psycho Realism in the Fiction of Joyce Carol Oates。Neo Realism in Contemporary American Fiction。Amsterdam。  new window
15.Oates, Joyce Carol(1991)。Because It Is Bitter, and Because It Is My Heart。Because It Is Bitter, and Because It Is My Heart。New York。  new window
16.Oates, Joyce Carol(1980)。Bellefleur。Bellefleur。New York。  new window
17.Oates, Joyce Carol(1991)。I Lock My Door upon Myself。I Lock My Door upon Myself。New York。  new window
18.Opdahle, Keith(1978)。The Nine Lives of Literary Realism。Contemporary American Fiction。Baltimore。  new window
19.Shechner, Mark(1992)。American Realism, American Realities。Neo Realism in Contemporary American Fiction。Amsterdam。  new window
20.Versluys, Kristiaan(1992)。Neo Realism in Contemporary American Fiction。Neo Realism in Contemporary American Fiction。Amsterdam。  new window
21.Wagner-Martin, Linda(1995)。Panoramic, Unpredictable, and Human: Joyce Carol Oates’ Recent Novels。Traditions, Voices, and Dreams: the American Novel Since the 1960s。Newark。  new window
22.Waller, G. F.(1979)。Dreaming America: Obsession And Transcendence in the Fiction of Joyce Carol Oates。Dreaming America: Obsession And Transcendence in the Fiction of Joyce Carol Oates。Boston Rouge。  new window
 
 
 
 
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