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題名:焦點解決短期諮商歷程之分析研究
作者:連秀鸞
作者(外文):Hsiu-Luan Lien
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商學系所
指導教授:蕭文
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2007
主題關鍵詞:焦點解決短期諮商諮商歷程諮商師意圖當事人諮商經驗Solution-Focused Brief Counseling (SFBC)counseling processcounselors’ intentionsclients’ counseling experiences
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  本研究之主要目的在於瞭解焦點解決短期諮商之改變歷程,包括諮商師意圖內涵、諮商師與當事人分別知覺到的當事人諮商經驗、及諮商師看到的改變與當事人自覺的改變。本研究針對四位主動求助之當事人與四位以焦點解決短期諮商模式進行諮商的諮商師,進行配對,分別進行二至五次的諮商,且於每一次諮商結束後的四十八小時內進行人際歷程回憶法(IPR)深度訪談,共蒐集到二十四次諮商後訪談文字稿,以現象學方法進行資料分析,研究結果如下:
一、諮商師諮商介入意圖內涵:包括「關係導向」、「目標導向」及「問題解決導向」意圖類別。其中「關係導向」意圖類別,有「尊重」、「同理」、「因勢利導」、「安心」、「信任」等五類意圖要素群;「目標導向」意圖類別,則有「設定目標」、「聚焦」、「注入希望」、「擴大知覺」等四纇要素群;「問題解決導向」意圖類別包含有「行動」、「解決」等兩類意圖要素群。
二、諮商師知覺當事人的諮商經驗:包含認知、情緒、行為與關係等四大向度。 其中,「認知向度」有「聚焦」、「擴大知覺」、「注入希望」、「諮商期待」等四類;「情緒向度」有「正向情緒」、「負向情緒」兩類;「行為向度」有「改變前的準備」、「促進改變」、「建構解決之道」等三類;「關係向度」有「建立合作關係」、「主導權」、「諮商師角色」、「不同步的諮商關係」、「連鎖反應」等五類。
三、當事人知覺的諮商經驗:包含認知、情緒、行為與關係等四大向度。其中,「認知向度」有「聚焦」、「擴大知覺」、「注入希望」、「諮商期待」等四類;「情緒向度」有「正向情緒」、「負向情緒」兩類;「行為向度」有「連結任務與目標」、「促進改變」、「增強改變」、「建構解決之道」、「追蹤改變」等五類;「關係向度」有「建立合作關係」、「主導權」、「諮商師角色」、「諮商師人格特質」、「不同步的諮商關係」、「回饋時機」等六類。
四、當事人接受焦點解決短期諮商之改變:包括諮商師看到的改變與當事人自覺的改變,包括擴大知覺、設定目標、注入希望、建構解決、情緒轉變與諮商進展等六纇。
本研究依據研究結果提出具體建議,供諮商實務工作者與未來研究之參考。
 
 
The main purpose of the study was to explore change process in Solution-Focused Brief Counseling (SFBC). Those factors include counselors’ intentions of interventions, counselors’ perception of clients’ counseling experiences, clients’ perception of counseling experiences, counselors’ perception of clients’ change, and clients’ perception of change. For this study, the researcher has recruited four voluntary clients and invited four professionally trained and qualified counselors as study participants. Four clients received 2-5 sessions of SFBC. An IPR (Interpersonal Process Recall) in-depth interview was given to counselors and clients after each session within 48 hours. Twenty-four transcripts from the interview data were collected and analyzed in phenomenological approach. The main findings are as follow:
1. Three types of counselors’ intentions are found. They are relationship-oriented intentions, goal-oriented intentions and problem-solving- oriented intentions.
The relationship-oriented intentions include respect, empathy, accurate guidance, reassurance and trust. The goal-oriented intentions include goal-setting, focusing, infusing hope and expansion of perception. The problem-solving-oriented intentions include action and solution.
2. Four dimensions are identified as the SFBC counselors’ perceived clients’ counseling experiences. They are the cognition, emotion, behavior, and relationship dimensions.
The cognition dimension includes focus, expansion of perception, infusion hope and expectations of counseling. The emotion dimension includes positive and negative types. The behavior dimension includes preparation for counseling, promotion for change, construction of problem-solution. The relationship dimension includes cooperation, predomination, role of the counselor, asynchronous communication and chain reactions.
3. Four dimensions are identified as the SFBC clients’ perception of counseling experiences. They are the cognition, emotion, behavior, and relationship dimensions.
The cognition dimension includes focus, expansion of perception, infusion hope and expectations of counseling. The emotion dimensions are positive and negative types. The behavior dimension is connecting homework with goal, promoting change, enhancing change, constructing problem-solution and following up. The relationship dimension includes cooperation, predomination, role of the counselor, personality of the counselor, asynchronous communication and timing of feedback.
4. Six types of change are found (including the clients’ and counselors’ perceptions of change) after the clients receive counseling. They are expansion of perception, goal-setting, infusion hope, construction of problem-solution , emotional change and counseling progress.
According to the basis of these results, the researcher propose concrete discussions and recommendations for the counseling practitioners and future research .
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