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題名:諮商師意圖與行動的落差經驗之研究
作者:彭秀玲
作者(外文):Peng Hsiu-Ling
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商學系所
指導教授:陳金燕
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2006
主題關鍵詞:諮商師的落差經驗發現式研究深度訪談人際歷程回憶訪談counselors’ experiences of discrepancythe discovery-oriented qualitative researchin-depth interviewinterpersonal process recall interview
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摘要
本研究以質性及發現式研究的方法,探索諮商師意圖與行動的落差經驗。本研究分成階段一與階段二兩部分,分別以深度訪談與人際歷程回憶訪談收集諮商師落差經驗的相關資料。
研究結果發現:諮商師的落差經驗是主觀覺察到的負向經驗,也是一個從覺察落差到因應落差的過程。依落差內容的不同,可分成「內因」與「外因」兩種落差經驗;依落差大小的不同,則可分成「大落差」與「小落差」兩種落差經驗。
當諮商師覺察到落差經驗時,就會啟動因應的歷程。諮商師的因應方式有認知因應、情緒因應與行為因應三種。其中,認知因應具有引導行為方向的功能,認知因應與行為因應負責減少落差或減輕負向情緒,而情緒因應中的負向情緒反應則是引發行為因應的動力,也是評估認知因應是否成功的指標。這些因應方式,不僅是諮商中因應落差經驗的方式,也是諮商結束後長期因應的方法。
在諮商中容易引發落差經驗的因素,是諮商師的用語習慣和不適當的諮商理念或諮商態度;在諮商專業發展的過程中引發落差經驗的因素,則為經驗不足或個人不適當的特質。
當諮商師成功地因應落差經驗之後,會改善原來不理想的諮商理念或諮商態度、增加諮商知識或諮商技巧的熟練度、修正個人不適當的特質,並對個人與專業的成長均有助益。
本研究的結果,可以提供諮商實務工作者在諮商實務中覺察和因應常見或無法避免的落差經驗;也可以提供諮商督導和諮商教育工作者進行督導或教學時的參考。
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to explore counselors’ experiences of discrepancy between intention and action during the counseling process, using the approach of qualitative and discovery-oriented research. The study is divided into two parts, stage 1 via in-depth interview and stage 2 via interpersonal process recall (IPR) interview, to explore the contents, situations, influence and counselors’ coping method about counselors’ experiences of discrepancy.
The results are as follows. The contents are negative experiences by subjective perception. And they are the process from perception to coping. Based on the contents, the experiences can be divided into ‘internal factor’ and ‘external factors’. Based on the severity, they can be divided into ‘large discrepancy’ and ‘small discrepancy’.
The three situations in which counselors discover the experiences of discrepancy are:
self awareness and evaluation, others’ comments, behavior observation and evaluation. In counseling, the predisposing factors of discrepancy are the habits of counselor’s verbal expressions, inappropriate rationale and attitude of counselor. Regarding the process of professional development, the predisposing factors of discrepancy are inexperience and inadequate properties.
When counselors perceive the experiences of discrepancy, the perception start the process of coping. The strategies of coping can be divided into three parts: cognitive, emotional and behavioral. The cognitive strategies of coping can guide the behavior of coping. The counselors can reach the goal of lessening the discrepancy or decreasing the negative feelings via the cognitive and behavioral strategies of coping. The reactions of negative emotion can motivate the behavioral strategies of coping, and they would point out whether the cognitive strategies of coping have succeeded or not. These strategies of coping are not only the immediate coping method in counseling but also the long term coping method after counseling.
When the counselors have coped successfully, they can thus promote their inappropriate rationale and attitude, raise their professional knowledge and the proficiency of counseling skill, modify their inadequate properties, and surely have a positive influence on the counselors’ personal and professional development.
The results of the study can assist clinical counselors to perceive and cope with the experiences of discrepancy, and offer the supervisors and educators the reference resources to promote the development of counseling profession.
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