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題名:外匯管理及交易法律機制之研究
作者:謝佳雯
作者(外文):Chia-Wen Hsieh
校院名稱:臺灣大學
系所名稱:法律學研究所
指導教授:王澤鑑
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2007
主題關鍵詞:外匯資產管理外匯業務衍生性金融商品中央銀行外匯法令定型化契約foreign exchangereserve managementforeign exchange businessderivatives transactionforeign exchange regulationcentral bankstandard contract
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 點閱點閱:71
臺灣為一個貿易依存度頗高之小型開放經濟體,對外貿易佔整體經濟活動相當重要之地位。因此,外匯交易與匯率之變動,對國際貿易有深遠之影響。近年來隨著我國金融自由化與國際化之快速發展,資金在國境間之流進、流出益形頻繁,更突顯外匯管理與交易之重要性。
在大多數國家中,對於外匯之管理,主要由該國之中央銀行負責,其任務不僅在維護對內、對外幣值之穩定,並於必要時調節外匯之供需,以維持有秩序、有效率之外匯市場。而中央銀行對外匯之管理,主要包括外匯資產及外匯業務之管理。
我國因目前並非國際貨幣基金或世界銀行之會員國,故中央銀行對於外匯資產之管理,除參考許多先進國家及國際貨幣組織建立之管理法則外,尚須配合我國國情之特別考量,以期更加審慎穩健;因此,央行除需運用各種投資策略及風險控管方式之外,如何建立健全之外匯資產管理機制及其法律架構,尤有制度及功能之重要性與必要性。
而就外匯業務之管理,自民國九十一年一月我國加入世界貿易組織(WTO)以來,主管機關對外匯業務之管理規範已符合世界貿易組織及國際貨幣基金(IMF)之規範。又同年六月五日修正公布之「中央銀行法」第三十五條規定,增訂銀行以外之其他事業經由中央銀行許可亦得辦理外匯業務,彰顯我國外匯自由化,已進入嶄新之階段。
惟國內對管理機制本身之法律依據、法律架構,及相關法律問題,包括就憲法、金融法,及行政法令等,加以有系統之整理及深入研析者,公開發表之相關論述相對較少。此外,或有因外匯相關主管機關之權責規範不甚明確,致有於機關間孳生爭議之情形;或有因部分法令規定未臻明確周延,以致金融業者遵循、適用時恐有疑義,均屬應予進一步釐清之法律問題。
至外匯交易之法律機制,鑒於外匯交易除固有之進出口貿易相關業務之外,近年許多外匯交易類型,均係由金融業者自國外引進,或自行研究之投資組合型態,其法律關係雖以契約形式呈現,惟權利義務之約款則更為複雜,若未對各該交易之基本民事法律關係有深刻瞭解,則對各該外匯契約法律效力之判斷,乃至外匯交易私法制序之維持,均有所疑慮;對於外匯市場之發展,亦有不利之影響。本文爰針對現行外匯交易之若干主要契約類型及其民事法律關係,與部分似有爭議之定型化約款,試以現行民法及消費者保護法加以研究,期能有助於未來外匯交易私法秩序更臻健全。
As a small and open economy, Taiwan is highly dependent on international trade in the process economic development. Foreign exchange transactions and fluctuation in the exchange rate are crucial to the business of international trade. As the pace of financial liberalization and globalization have been rapidly developing in Taiwan, resulting in faster inflow and outflow of capitals across the border, the regulations on foreign exchange and all its transactions become even more important in Taiwan.
Central banks are responsible for the regulations and control of foreign exchange in most countries. Their tasks include to maintain the stability of the internal and external value of the currency , and to take measures to adjust the demand for and supply of foreign exchange, in order to sustain an orderly foreign exchange market. Part of the central bank’s role as a regulator of foreign exchange includes the control and regulation of foreign exchange reserve assets and foreign exchange business.
Taiwan is a member of neither the International Monetary Fund (IMF) nor the World Bank. In addition to draw references from other developed countries and the IMF to set up relevant regulations, Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) also needs to take into accounts situations that are unique to Taiwan. How to establish a sound mechanism and its legal framework on the management of foreign exchange reserve assets, as well as using various investment strategies and risk management skills, are institutionally and functionally important and necessary.
As for the administrator in charge of foreign exchange business, the competent authority has revised and adopted all the relevant regulations in conform to the World Trade Organizations and the IMF after Taiwan becomes a WTO Member in January 2002. Furthermore, the Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Act, as revised on 5 June 2002, has permitted entities other than banks that have been authorized by the Bank to deal with foreign exchange business. All these demonstrate that Taiwan is moving toward to new stage of foreign exchange liberalization.
However, there is a comparative lack of published literature which provide systematic and detail analysis on the legal basis, legal framework and relevant legal issues, including but not limited to the constitution, financial laws and regulations, concerning the control mechanism. In addition, several legal issues remain to be resolved and clarified. Firstly, the lack of a clear authorization of mandates amongst relevant agencies responsible for foreign exchange affairs often results in disputes amongst these agencies. Secondly, relevant laws and regulations are not comprehensive enough to provide guidance for financial institutions to apply and reply on.
In addition to the typical form of foreign exchange transactions relating to international trade, financial institutions have been introducing from abroad or designing their own different types of foreign exchange transactions. These new types of foreign exchange transactions are most regulated by private contracts that contain far more complicated legal rights and obligation. Lack of a comprehensive understanding from the perspective of civil code concerning these new types of transactions will affect the determination of legal effects resulting from these contracts, which might have negative impact on maintaining an orderly foreign exchange transactions from the private law perspective. The development of foreign exchange market, moreover, might also be affected. This thesis attempts to conduct detail analysis on various types of foreign exchange transactions contracts, including some of their standards clauses, and their legal rights and obligations from the perspective of civil code and consumer protection law with an aim of maintaining a sound legal order for foreign exchange transactions.
一、中文文獻
(一)專書與學位論文
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(二)期刊論文及其他資料
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二、西文文獻
(一)專書論著
1.英文文獻
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2.德文文獻
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3.其他出版品
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Exchange Equalisation Account: Report and Accounts 2004-05, London: The Stationary Office, 6 July 2005
(二)期刊論文及其他資料
Stephen A. Silard, "THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY: A NEW DEVELOPMENT IN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ORGANIZATION'', George Washington Journal of International Law and Economics, 1995
"Developments in the Law -- International Environmental Law: VI. EXTRATERRITORIAL ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION", Harvard Law Review, 1991.5.
Patrick Bolton, and David A. Skeel, Jr., "REDESIGNING THE INTERNATIONAL LENDER OF LAST RESORT", Chicago Journal of International Law, Summer 2005
Sean Hagan, "DESIGNING A LEGAL FRAMEWORK TO RESTRUCTURE SOVEREIGN DEBT", Georgetown Journal of International Law, Winter 2005
Bryan D. Stirewalt, and Gary A. Gegenheimer, "CONSOLIDATED SUPERVISION OF BANKING GROUPS IN THE FORMER SOVIET REPUBLICS: A COMPARATIVE EXAMINATION OF THE EMERGING TREND IN EMERGING MARKETS", Annual Review of Banking and Financial Law 2004
Christian A. Johnson, “An Introdction to the 2002 ISDA Master Agreement”, Derivatives Week, 2003.1.6
Christopher C. Wheeler, and Amir Attaran, "DECLAWING THE VULTURE FUNDS: REHABILITATION OF A COMITY DEFENSE IN SOVEREIGN DEBT LITIGATION", Stanford Journal of International Law, Summer 2003
Carl Felsenfeld, and Genci Bilali, "THE ROLE OF THE BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS IN SHAPING THE WORLD FINANCIAL SYSTEM", University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law, Fall 2004
Wally Suphap, " TOWARD EFFECTIVE RISK-ADJUSTED BANK DEPOSIT INSURANCE: A TRANSNATIONAL STRATEGY", Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 2004
Mamiko Yokoi-Arai, "LEGAL AND POLITICAL EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL AND MONETARY REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN ASIA", Law and Business Review of the Americas, Winter 2006
Thomas Hall, "CONTROLLING FOR RISK: AN ANALYSIS OF CHINA''S SYSTEM OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE AND EXCHANGE RATE MANAGEMENT", Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Spring 2004
Angela Tordesillas, "Development in Banking and Financial Law: 2004, VII. International Development", Annual Review of Banking and Financial Law 2005
Julia Ya Qin, "WTO REGULATION OF SUBSIDIES TO STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (SOES)--A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE CHINA ACCESSION PROTOCOL", Journal of International Economic Law, December 2004
Andrew Greenwood, "CURRENT BOND MARKET ISSUES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ELECTRONIC ASIAN BOND MARKET", Journal of International Business and Law, Spring 2004
Andrew Rozanov, “Who holds the wealth of nations? ”, State Street Global Advisors, August 2005
Simon James, The Law of Derivatives, LLP Reference Publishing, 1999
Holyoak, “Tort and contract are like cheese and biscuits; different, but complementary”, Tort and Contract after Junior Books, 99 Law Quarterly Review, 1983
Janis Golubock, "IV. Case Comment: IN RE NORTEL NETWORKS CORP. SECURITIES LITIGATION", New York Law School Law Review 2003-2004
許嘉棟、施遵驊, “Taiwan’s Financial Policies in Response to the Asian Financial Crisis”,中央銀行季刊,21卷2期,1999.6.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISION (Plaintiff-Appellant), and Commissioner of Corporations of the State of California (Plaintiff) v. FRANKWELL BULLION LIMITED, Frankwell Investment Services Inc., Maywell Investment Services, Inc., Frankwell Investment Services (Texas) Inc., Frankwell Management Services (New York) Inc. (Defendants-Appellees), Nos. 95-16977, 95-17298, April 19, 1996 (1996 WL 33491036)
BIS季刊網站:http://www.bis.org/publ/quarterly.htm, visited on 2007.7.10

三、日文文獻
(一)專書論著
藤井良廣,「新日銀之誕生」,日本經濟新聞社出版,1997.7.
財部誠一、織坂濠,改正外為法入門,1998.3.
於保不二雄,日本民法債權總論,1998
外國為替貿易研究グループ,逐条解說:改正外為法,平成10.9.20
三菱證券商品開發本部,フィナンシャル エンジニアリング--デリバティブ取引とリスク管理の総体系,5版,平成17年3月31日
(二)期刊論文及其他資料
森本學,「先物外國為替取引における實需原則の撤廢について」,金融法務事情, 1052期,1984.3.25.
武田哲夫,「中央銀行と為替レート—新日本銀行法の問題點」,國際金融,1020期,1999.2.15
神田秀樹,「日本銀行法の改正」,ジュリスト,1119期,
1997.9.15
館 龍一郎,「金融制度調查會之『關於日本銀行法修正之答申』」,金融,1997.3.
三木谷良一,「呼應二十一世紀之日本銀行法修正」,金融ジャーナル,1997.2.
伊藤隆敏,「日本の為替介入の分析」,經濟研究,54卷2期,2003.4.
「對日本銀行法案之附帶決議-參議院大藏委員會」,金融,1997.7.
長久保隆英,「外為法改正と金融實務への影響」,金融法務事情,1493期,1997.9.15
長久保隆英,「外為法改正にみる法の限界」,金融法務事情,1548期,1999.6.5.
浦西友義,「外國為替管理制度の拔本的見直しに向けて—外國為替等審議會答申の概要」,金融法務事情,1473期,1997.2.5
小原廣之,「改正外為法政省令の概要」,金融法務事情,1517期,1998.6.15
「我が國の平和˙安全のため對外取引規制が可能に—外國為替及び外國貿易法の改正」,法學ゼミナー,592期,2004.4.
佐藤正壽,「外國送金取引規定ひな型制定の經緯と概要」,金融法務事情,1529期,1998.10.25
山岡和雅,「改正金融先物取引法の意義と影響∼外國為替証拠金取引の登錄制」,金融ジャーナル,2005.11.
好美清光,「外為決済における中央銀行の民事責任」,金融•商事判例,第548號
小原三佑嘉,「UCPルールのレゾン・デートル」,金融法務事情,2007.4.5
菊地雄介,「外貨建分離型ワラントの內包する高い危險性について十分說明すべき契約締結上の注意義務に違反した債務不履行責任が證券會社にあるとされた事例」,金融˙商事判例,1034期,1998.2.
飯田勝人,「外國為替の先物取引に通じた顧客に先物為替取引を勸めその顧客から先物予約期日延長の申入れを拒絕した外為銀行の不法行為責任を否定した事例」,金融˙商事判例,1034期,1998.2.
「新信用狀統一規則(UCP600)の成立が外為實務に与える影響」,金融法務事情,2007.4.15
後藤紀一,「ドイツ銀行普通取引約款とわか國『銀行取引約定書』(上)」,金融法務事情,1513期,1998.4.25
實川和子,「國際私法における為替契約の規制について(一)--IMF協定第八條第二項b號と外國の外國為替管理規定」,法學新報,1996.3.
全國銀行協會連合會,「外國送金取引規定ひな型の逐條解說」,金融法務事情,1529期,1998.10.25
外國為替實務研究會,「外國送金取引規定(ひな型)利用上の留意點」,金融法務事情,1529期,1998.10.25
「『本行保有外貨資產の運用基本要領』の骨子」,日本銀行,http://www.boj.or.jp/type/law/hyoryo01.htm, visited on 2007.7.3
「外匯平衡操作之實施狀況」,http://www.mof.go.jp/1c021.htm, visited on 2007.6.30
 
 
 
 
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