本研究之目的在於探討高年級學童的科學本質觀８一進一步分析學童之性別、自然科學習成就與其科學本質觀的關係，同時找出影響學童科學本質觀形成的可能因素。研究方法採用問卷調查法，並輔以晤談之資料的方式。研究對象為臺北市某國小六年級的學童。研究工具之發展：先參考相關文獻後改編成適宜國小學童閱讀之文句，部分自編試題發展成「科學本質問卷」和「科學本質晤談綱要」。研究過程先以科學本質問卷對學童施測，再挑選學生進行晤談，然後就問卷及晤談資料進行統計分析。 研究結果發現：學童之科學本質觀與自然科學習成就間有正相關；男女學童的科學本質觀無顯著的差異；學童在科學本質問卷總量表與各分量表的得分，隨自然科學習成就之提昇而增加的趨勢；自然科學習成就高分組的學童，其科學本質觀較低分組的學童更趨現代觀；但和中分組的學童則無顯著差異。學童的科學本質觀整體而言略偏向現代觀，但經深入晤談後發現其科學本質觀並未協調統整，部分仍受傳統邏輯實證的影響。影響學童科學本質觀的可能因素有生活經驗、電視節目、教科書、課外讀物、教師、父母、親人等。 針對本研究的發現，研究者提出對科學教育及未來研究的建議。

　　　　　The purposes of this study were as following: (1) to investigate the relationships among students' gender, science achievement, and views toward the nature of science (NOS), (2) to investigate students' views toward the nature of science, (3) to find out the factors in the formation of NOS. The method of this research was both questionnaire survey and interview. The subjects were sixth graders at an elementary school in Taipei. The instruments included "Questionnaire of the Nature of Science (QNOS)" partially revised from some literature and "interview schema". The results of this study were as following: (1) There was positive correlation between students' views toward the nature of science and science achievement. (2) There was no significant difference between the boys and girls toward the NOS. (3) Students' scores on the QNOS and three subscales improved the promotion of science achievement. The NOS of high-scored group in science achievement was more contemporary than those low-scored group held; there was no significant difference between the mid-scored group and high-scored one. (4) In general, students slightly tended to hold contemporary perspective toward the views of NOS. However, after detailed interview, the researcher found that students' views toward NOS had not been integrated yet. They were partially influenced by traditional logical positivism. (5) The factors of affecting the students' views of NOS were: life experiences, TV programs, textbooks, extension readings, teachers, parents, and family members. According to the findings of this study, commendations about science education and researches in the future were purposed.