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題名：生物科技之風險議題之省思--兼論GMO與基因治療之科技風險管理與規範體系
書刊名：東吳法律學報
作者：牛惠之
作者(外文)：Niu, Huei-chih
出版日期：2003
卷期：15:1
頁次：頁179-228
主題關鍵詞：生物科技；科技風險；風險評估；風險管理；基因改造產品；基因治療；預防原則；Biotechnology；Scientific risks；Risks assessment；Risks management；Genetically modified organisms；Gene therapy；Precautionary principle
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(7) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(2)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:7
  • 共同引用共同引用:408
  • 點閱點閱:74
本文旨在處理由生物科技發展與運用所產生的風險性議題，並對科技風險之風險管理體系之建構，與其所可能發生之爭議性議題，進行分析與探討，並對國內相關規範之現況加以檢討，以期國人在正視生物科技的效益之際，也能適時地對於生物科技的風險性議題建構妥善的管理規範。整體而言，本文第二節將生物科技伴隨的風險分為社會性風險、科技風險、產業風險與規範性風險等四類，而探討之重點為前兩類；對於第一類，本文之建議為需透過客觀審慎的方式探討生物科技社會性風險之本質，以防杜論證上之弊端；對於後者，本文則經由第三節建議一套風險管理體系應兼具風險評估、風險管理、規範建構與損害救濟等相關機制。其中較具爭議者包括科學證據不充分時關於預防原則之適用空間；以及損害之發生為科技不確定性所致，而無人為故意或過失介入時，其救濟機制闕如之現象與改進之空間等議題。
This paper is divided into two major parts to deal with the risks that would likely occur due to the development of modern biotechnology. It is almost beyond argued that the modern biotechnology could offer a great deal of benefits to the human being as a whole, as well as bring adverse affects to the human societies. The first part thus focuses on the risks of the biotechnology and catalogues those risks as social risks, scientific risks, commercial risks and risks of legislation. By classifying these risks, the paper tends to highlight that it is not necessary to be too worry about some of the claimed risks, on the ground that some risks are not for real but solely from people's misunderstanding and unnecessary imagination. It is because people may claim a risk of a technology even before they know the nature of the technology. The second part turns to address risks management. In this part, again, a four-step mechanism are introduced, they are, risks assessment, risks management, regulations and measures for controlling risks, and remedies. After examining the relevant laws of Taiwan, this paper seeks to suggest that we are not ready yet to control the risks of biotechnology. Provided biotechnology is one of the key industries that this country aims to develop, it should make a great effort to establish a set of workable mechanism to handle the possible risks of biotechnology in advance.
期刊論文
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4.周桂田(20020300)。在地化風險之實踐與理論缺口--遲滯型高科技風險社會。臺灣社會研究，45，69-122。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.牛惠之(20021200)。基因改造產品的風險與迷思--評[Belinda Martineau著　楊玉齡譯]《番茄一號》[First Fruit: the Creation of the Flavr Savr Tomato and the Birth of Biotech Food]。科學月刊，33(12)=396，1096-1097。  延伸查詢new window
6.Baram, Michael(2001)。Making Clinical Trials Safer for Human Subjects。American Journal of Law and Medicine，27，253。  new window
7.Neugebauer, Regine(2000)。Fine-Tuning WTO Jurisprudence and the SPS Agreement: Lessons from the Beef Hormone Case。Law and Policy in International Business，31，1225。  new window
8.Watson, James D.、Crick, Francis. H. C.(1953)。Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid。Nature，171，737-738。  new window
9.顏厥安(20020100)。財產、人格，還是資訊？論人類基因的法律地位。國立臺灣大學法學論叢，31(1)，1-44。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.Slovic, Paul(1987)。Perception of Risk。Science，236(4799)，280-285。  new window
11.雷文玫(20000700)。歧視有理？美國管制商業健康保險使用基因資訊之研究。中原財經法學，5，433-465。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.顏厥安(1999)。生物科技之理論、法律與社會意涵問題簡介。生物科技與法律研究通訊，2，5-10。  延伸查詢new window
13.林明定(2003)。基因治療啟動生物醫學使第四次革命。生物科技，15。  延伸查詢new window
14.陳怡安(2001)。受試者保護與人體試驗的規範。律師雜誌。  延伸查詢new window
15.薛莫(2003)。我，複製人。科學人，35。  延伸查詢new window
16.Cain, A. S. P.(2000)。Property Right in Human Biological Materials: Studies in Species Reproduction and Biomedical Technology。Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law，17。  new window
17.Carey, J.(1998)。Are Now Staring the Century of Biology。BusinessWeek，44-45。  new window
18.Friedmann, T.(2000)。Principles for Human Gene Therapy。Science，287。  new window
19.F De Oliveira Souza, H.(2000)。Genetically Modified Plants: A Need for International Regulation。Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law，6。  new window
20.Hamilton, N. D.(2001)。Legal Issues Shaping Society's Acceptance of Biotechnology and Genetically Modified Organisms。Drake Journal of Agricultural Law，6。  new window
21.McNiel, D. E.(1998)。The First Case Under theWTO's Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement: The European Union's Hormone Ban。Virginia Journal of International Law，39。  new window
22.Orson, J.(2002)。Gene Stacking in Herbicide Tolerant Oilseed Rape: Lessons from the North American Experience。English Nature Research Report，443。  new window
23.Rosenberg, S. A.(1990)。Gene Transfer into Humans - Immunotherapy of Patients with Advanced Melanoma, Using Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Modified by Retroviral Gene Transduction。New England Journal of Medicine，323(9)，570-578。  new window
24.Salsberg, C. A.(2000)。Resurrecting the Wooly Mammoth: Science, Law, Ethics, Politics and Religion。Stanford Technology Law Review，1。  new window
25.Varma, A.、Abraham, D.(1996)。DNA is Different: Legal Obviousness and the Balance between Biotech Inventors and the Market。Harvard Journal of Law & Technology，9，53-85。  new window
26.Victor, M.(2001)。Precaution or Protectionism? The Precautionary Principle, Genetically Modified Organisms, and Allowing Unfounded Fear to Undermine Free Trade。The Transnational Lawyer，14。  new window
27.Walters, L.(1991)。Human Gene Therapy: Ethics and Public Policy。Human Gene Therapy，2(2)，115-122。  new window
會議論文
1.李震山(2001)。基因資訊利用與基本權利保障--以資訊隱私權及研究自由為例。基因科技的倫理法律與社會議題學術研討會。  延伸查詢new window
2.林國明(2001)。風險政治與基因科技政策的民主參與：基因重組技術發展初期的風險爭議。第二屆基因科技之法律管制與社會衝擊研究學術研討會。國立台灣大學法律系。  延伸查詢new window
3.何建志(2000)。就業基因歧視的法理問題與因應之道。沒有紀錄。1-28。  延伸查詢new window
4.林子儀(2001)。從保障隱私的觀點論基因資訊的利用與法的規範。沒有紀錄。1-26。  延伸查詢new window
5.周桂田(2001)。基因科技的風險與不確定性－以基因改造食品之本土化風險溝通為例。沒有紀錄。3-53。  延伸查詢new window
6.許漢(2001)。基因工程的倫理思考。沒有紀錄。89-119。  延伸查詢new window
7.陳樹功(2000)。基因改造食品之安全性及標示問題。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
8.蔡明誠(2001)。基因技術與財產保障。沒有紀錄。1-25。  延伸查詢new window
9.蔡甫昌(2001)。基因治療與複製的倫理議題初探。沒有紀錄。1-15。  延伸查詢new window
10.謝銘洋(2001)。生物技術之智慧財產權保護。沒有紀錄。1-15。  延伸查詢new window
11.蘇遠志(2000)。國際基因轉殖產品相關法規之研究。沒有紀錄。1-2。  延伸查詢new window
12.蘇遠志(2001)。基因改造食品之管理與檢驗。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
13.牛惠之(2003)。論基因治療之科技風險與醫療傷害之救濟。沒有紀錄。1-22。  延伸查詢new window
14.牛惠之、張孫福(2001)。論基因改造食品之風險與社會議題－一點法律人之觀察與省思。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
15.牛惠之(2001)。論開放生物科技運用所潛藏之社會衝擊與法律省思－以法律對於GMOs之保障與規範趨勢為例。沒有紀錄。1-47。  延伸查詢new window
16.李震山(2002)。基因科技發展與集體權保障之憲法意涵。沒有紀錄。1-4。  延伸查詢new window
17.李震山(2000)。胚胎基因工程之法律涵意。沒有紀錄。1-12。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.(2000)。生物科技事業發展－全球主要生物科技發展即可移轉技術調查。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
2.(2000)。生物科技事業發展－美國生物科技上市公司策略佈局分析。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.劉麗玲(2002)。我國創業投資公司對生物技術產業的投資策略與行為之實證研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.孫智麗。建構知識經濟運作之創新系統：臺灣生物技術產業發展現況與策略。建構知識經濟運作之創新系統：臺灣生物技術產業發展現況與策略。臺北：臺灣經濟研究院。  延伸查詢new window
2.杜寶恆(2001)。基因治療的原理與應用。九州。  延伸查詢new window
3.黃茂榮(1987)。法學方法與現代民法。台北：國立臺灣大學法律學系法學叢書編輯委員會。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.王澤鑑(2009)。侵權行為法。王澤鑑。  延伸查詢new window
5.王為敏、徐慶昇、文端廉、林晉源(2002)。生技投資的億萬商機。生技投資的億萬商機。臺北：時報。  延伸查詢new window
6.陳文吟(1997)。探討美國Moore vs. Regents of the University of California對生化科技的影響。智慧財產權與國際私法：曾陳明汝教授六秩誕辰祝壽論文集。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
7.EPA(1995)。Guidance for risk Characterization。EPA。  new window
8.EPA(1995)。Policy for Risk Characterization。Policy for Risk Characterization。沒有紀錄。  new window
9.(1996)。The Precautionary Principle and International Law - The Challenge of Implementation。The Precautionary Principle and International Law - The Challenge of Implementation。沒有紀錄。  new window
10.Gilland, T.(2000)。Precaution, GM crops and Farmland Birds。Rethinking the Risk and the Precautionary Principle。沒有紀錄。  new window
11.Goklany, I. M.(2001)。The Precautionary principle - A Critical Appraisal of Environmental Risk Assessment。The Precautionary principle - A Critical Appraisal of Environmental Risk Assessment。沒有紀錄。  new window
12.Kaye, S. M.(2001)。International Fisheries Management。International Fisheries Management。沒有紀錄。  new window
13.Martineau, B.(2001)。First Fruit。First Fruit。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
14.O'Mahony, P.(1999)。Nature, Risk and Responsibility - Discourses of Biotechnology。Nature, Risk and Responsibility - Discourses of Biotechnology。沒有紀錄。  new window
15.(1999)。Protectiong Public Health & the Environment - Implementing the Precautionary Principle。Protectiong Public Health & the Environment - Implementing the Precautionary Principle。沒有紀錄。  new window
16.Rissler, J.、Mellon, M.(2000)。The Ecolofical Risks of Engineered Corps。The Ecolofical Risks of Engineered Corps。沒有紀錄。  new window
17.Freestone, D.(1991)。The Precautionary Principle。International Law and Global Climate Change。沒有紀錄。  new window
18.Kasperson, R. E.(2000)。The Social Amplification of Risk: A Conceptual Framework。The Perception of Risk。沒有紀錄。  new window
19.王道還(2002)。盲眼鐘錶匠。台北：遠見天下文化公司。  延伸查詢new window
20.王澤鑑(1995)。法律思維與民法實例。法律思維與民法實例。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
21.朱懷祖(1999)。食品藥物與消費者保護。食品藥物與消費者保護。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
22.朱懷祖(1998)。藥物責任與消費者保護。藥物責任與消費者保護。臺北市。new window  延伸查詢new window
23.蔡麗娟(2001)。生物科技大商機。生物科技大商機。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
24.(2000)。生物科技產業年鑑。生物科技產業年鑑。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
25.牛惠之(2003)。WTO之SPS協定v生物安全議定書－就預防原則與風險型態論爭議之不必然性。臺灣在WTO新紀元－貿易之開放與防衛。沒有紀錄。new window  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.Blaese, R. M.(1990)。Treatment of Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID) due to Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Deficiency with Autologous Lymphocytes Transduced with the Human ADA Gene，沒有紀錄。  new window
圖書論文
1.O'Riordan, Tim、Cameron, J.(1994)。The History and Contemporary Significances of the Precautionary Principle。Interpreting the Precautionary Principle。Earthscan。  new window
2.Slovic, P.(2000)。Trust, Emotion, Sex, Politics and Science: Surveying the Risk-Assessment Battlefield。The Perception of Risk。London, UK/ Sterling, VA：Earthscan Publications Ltd.。  new window
 
 
 
 
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