以HPT模式及認知動機因素探討臺灣資訊種子小學科技融入教學之現況與相關因素研究_

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題名：	以HPT模式及認知動機因素探討臺灣資訊種子小學科技融入教學之現況與相關因素研究
書刊名：	國立臺北教育大學學報. 數理科技教育類
作者：	林佳蓉
作者(外文)：	Lin, Maigo Chia-jung
出版日期：	2006
卷期：	19:1
頁次：	頁117-148
主題關鍵詞：	資訊科技融入教學；認知動機；表現科技；科技融入教學之自我效能；工作價值；Technology-instruction integration；Cognitive motivators；Human performance technology；HPT；Self-efficacy of technology-instruction integration；Task value
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(6) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:2 共同引用:24 點閱:40

本研究以表現科技理論（HPT）及認知動機為導向，探討台灣的資訊種子小學，科技融入教學的現況，以及教師們的科技應用表現，與其環境、個人知識技能、或認知動機因素（如科技融入教學之自我效能、工作價值等）的相關性為何。研究發現，台灣的資訊種子小學教師，科技融入的現況仍有待加強，超過六成以上的老師，每週製作教材的時間、應用科技融入教學的時間、以及科技融入教學的內涵層次都偏低。研究也發現，教師對科技融入教學的理念普遍存有落差，而且感到最困難的是如何應用多媒體教學來釐清抽象概念。另外，教師們的科技融入教學之自我效能越高者，價值認定越高者，也越傾向使用科技於教學上，並且經常加班製作教材，但是又不覺得這是一件很累的教學負擔。另外，學校的環境設計如獎勵政策、軟硬體設備、研習活動、或有團隊支援等，對成功的科技融入都有影響。而對資訊種子小學的老師來說，最想上的研習課程是與學習領域結合的教學設計、其次是科技融入教學的策略等。

以文找文

By implementing the approach of cognitive motivators and the Human performance technology (HPT) theory, this study investigated the current situations and problems of seeds schools’ technology-instruction integration. This study also investigated the relationships among teachers’cognitive motivators (self-efficacy, task values) and their commitment and effort on technology-instruction integration. The findings were described as below. The higher self-efficacy of technology- instruction integration teachers perceived, the more opportunities they devoted effort and time to it. The higher task values they perceived, the higher commitment they hold. Teachers’ age and the length of teaching presented opposite correlations with their commitment and effort on technology-instruction integration. However, the information technology training workshops were considered as an effective way to increase their self-efficacy in technology implementation. Moreover, a supporting environment encouraged teachers to integrate technology into instruction such as adequate technology equipments, CAI management systems, supporting teams to share experiences and solve problems, and attracting incentives. However, they have difficulty in comprehending and designing computer-animation related multimedia materials to help students clarify their wrong learning concept and to totransfer abstract concepts to concrete. They hope to take more workshops related to multimedia design principles, integrating technology to learning areas, and other multimedia related theories. For future research, it is suggested that, as HPT model in mind, some effective interventions can be selected, designed and implemented. By giving real case models, it will help teachers easily integrate technology into their teaching subjects.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	林佳蓉(2003)。網路新聞電子報之介面互動研究：由『網路自我效能』和使用者介面設計理論探究之。教學科技與媒體季刊，65，4-16。延伸查詢
2.	Albion, P. R.(1999)。Self-efficacy beliefs as an indicator of teachers' preparedness for teaching with technology。Computers in the Social Studies，7(4)。
3.	Albion, P. R.(2001)。Some factors in the development of self-efficacy beliefs for computer use among teacher education students。Journal of Technology and Teacher Education，9(3)，321-347。
4.	Bandura, A.(1965)。Influence of models reinforcement contingent on the acquisition of imitative responses。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，1，589-595。
5.	Christensen, R.(2002)。Effects of technology integration education on the attitudes of teachers and students。Journal of Research on Technology in Education，34(4)，411-433。
6.	Binder, C.(1998)。The six boxes: a descendent of Gilbert's behavior engineering model。Performance Improvement，37(6)，48-52。
7.	Clark, R. E.(1998)。Motivation performance: Part 1--diagnosing and solving motivation problems。Performance Improvement，37(8)，39-47。
8.	Cuban, L.、Kerkpartrick, H.、Peck, C.(2001)。High access and low use of technologies in high schools classrooms: Explaining an apparent paradox。American Educational Research Journal，38，813-834。
9.	Dupagne, M.、Krendl, K. A.(1992)。Teachers’ attitudes toward computers: A review of the literature。Journal of Research on Computing in Education，24(3)，420-429。
10.	Eaton, M. J.、Dembo, M. H.(1997)。Differences in the motivational beliefs of Asian American and Non-Asian American。Journal of Educational Psychology，89(3)，433-440。
11.	Enochs, L. G.、Riggs, I. M.、Ellis, J. D.(1993)。The development and partial validation of microcomputer utilization in teaching efficacy beliefs instrument in a science setting。School Science and Mathematics，93(5)，257-263。
12.	Fuller, L. H.(2000)。First teach their teachers: technology support and computer use in academic subjects。Journal of Research on Computing in Education，32(4)，511-524。
13.	Ertmer, P. A.、Evenbeck, E.、Cennamo, K. S.、Lehman, J. D.(1994)。Enhancing self-efficacy for computer technologies through the use of positive classroom experience。Educational Technology Research and Development，42(3)，45-62。
14.	Lin, C. M.(1999)。Motivation and web-based instruction: A case study of using CANE Model to assess motivation problems and find solutions。Journal of Educational Media International (EMI)，36(4)，287-294。
15.	Lumpe, A. T.、Chambers, E.(2001)。Assessing teachers’ context beliefs about technology utilization。Journal of Research on Computing in Education，33(5)，511-524。
16.	Margerum-leys, J.、Marx, R. W.(2002)。Teacher knowledge of educational technology: A case study of student/mentor teacher pairs。Journal of Educational Computing Research，26(4)，427-462。
17.	Marcinkiewicz, J. R.(1994)。Computers and teachers: Factors influencing computers use in the classroom。Journal of Research on Computing in Education，27(2)，220-237。
18.	Milbrath, Y. L.、Kinzie, M. B.(2000)。Computer technology training for perspective teachers: Computer attitudes and perceived self-efficacy。Journal of Technology and Teacher Education，8(4)，373-396。
19.	Pierson, M. E.(1999)。Technology integration practice as fuction of pedagogical expertise。Harvard Educational Review，57(1)，1-22。
20.	Salomon, G.(1983)。The differential investment of mental effort in learning from different sources。Educational Psychology，18(1)，42-50。
21.	Salomon, G.(1984)。Television is "easy" and print is "tough": The differential investment of mental effort in learning as a function of perceptions and attributions。Journal of Educational Psychology，76，774-786。
22.	Joo, Y.、Bong, M.、Choi, H.-J.(2000)。Self-efficacy for self-regulated learning, academic self-efficacy, and Internet self-efficacy in Web-based instruction。Educational Technology Research and Development，48(2)，5-17。
23.	Pajares, Frank(1996)。Self-efficacy beliefs in academic settings。Review of Educational Research，66(4)，543-578。
24.	Moersch, C.(1995)。Levels of technology implementation: A framework for measuring classroom technology use。Learning and Leading with Technology，23(3)，40-42。
25.	崔夢萍(20011100)。國小教師電腦融入教學態度及其相關因素之研究。臺北市立師範學院學報，32，169-194。延伸查詢
26.	Schiefele, U.(1991)。Interest, learning, and motivation。Educational Psychologist，26(3/4)，299-323。
27.	Schunk, D. H.(1989)。Self-efficacy and cognitive achievement: Implications for students with learning problems。Journal of Learning Disabilities，22(1)，14-22。
28.	Cuban, L.(1999)。High-tech schools, low-tech teaching。Education Digest，64(5)，53-54。
29.	李雪莉(20001100)。教師運用資訊網路能力調查。天下雜誌，特刊29，94-102。延伸查詢
30.	Wigfield, A.、Eccles, J. S.(1992)。The development of achievement task values: A theoretical analysis。Developmental Review，12(3)，265-310。
31.	Murphy, Christine A.、Coover, Delphine、Owen, Steven V.(1989)。Development and validation of the computer self-efficacy scale。Educational and Psychological Measurement，49(4)，893-899。
32.	Dembo, Myron H.、Gibson, Sherri(1985)。Teachers' Sense of Efficacy: An Important Factor in School Improvement。The Elementary School Journal，86(2)，173-184。
33.	Eccles, Jacquelynne S.、Wigfield, Allan(1995)。In the Mind of the Actor: The Structure of Adolescents' Achievement Task Values and Expectancy-Related Beliefs。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，21(3)，215-225。
34.	Bandura, Albert(2001)。Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective。Annual Review of Psychology，52(1)，1-26。
35.	Keller, John M.(1987)。Development and use of the ARCS model of instructional design。Journal of Instructional Development，10(3)，2-10。
36.	Bandura, Albert(1993)。Perceived Self-efficacy in Cognitive Development and Functioning。Educational Psychologist，28(2)，117-148。
37.	Bandura, Albert、Cervone, D.(1983)。Self-evaluative and Self-efficacy Mechanisms Governing the Motivational Effects of Goal Systems。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，45(5)，1017-1028。
38.	Bandura, A.、Schunk, D. H.(1981)。Cultivating competence, self-efficacy, and intrinsic interest through proximal self-motivation。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，41(3)，586-598。
39.	宋曜廷、張國恩、侯惠澤(20050300)。資訊科技融入教學：借鏡美國經驗，反思臺灣發展。教育研究集刊，51(1)，31-62。延伸查詢

會議論文
1.	林佳蓉(1998)。應用 CANE Model 檢視學習動機：「自我效能」和「價值」對網路教室學習承諾的影響。1998教學科技與終身學習國際學術研討會。台北：淡江大學。延伸查詢
2.	Addison, R. M.(1997)。What is HPT?。annual conference of the International Society for Performance Improvement。Los Angeles, California。
3.	Becker, H. J.(2001)。How are teachers using computers in instruction?。The 2001 Annual Meeting of American Educational Research Association。Seattle, WA。
4.	Clark, R. E.(199907)。Yin and Yang cognitive motivational processes operating in multimedia learning environment。seminar of Cognition and Multimedia Design, the Open University of Netherlands。Heerlen, Netherlands。
5.	Ertmer, P. A.、Newby, T. J.、Macdougall, M.(1996)。Students’ responses to case-based instruction: The role of perceived value。Annual conference of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology。Indianapolis, IN。
6.	Lin, C. M.、Kazlauskas, E.、Tyan, N.(199911)。Web-based Instruction: A Study of the Effects of Self-Efficacy and Task Values on Students’ Commitment and Achievement。WEBNET 99World Conference on the WWW and Internet。Hawaii。
7.	Lumpe, A. J.、Delafield, D. P.(1998)。Principal leadership for successful school technology implementation。Association for Advancement of Computing in Education。Norfolk, VA。296-300。
8.	Patricia, S.(1998)。How to use performance technology strategies to keep your company out of court。annual conference of the International Society for Performance Improvement。Illinois:Chicago。

學位論文
1.	Doyle-Nicols, A. R.(1997)。Computer anxiety, self-efficacy for self-regulated learning, and self-efficacy for computer technologies in a distance learning course(博士論文)。University of Southern California，Los Angeles。
2.	Eaton, M. J.(1994)。Asian American achievement motivation: Determining the effects of student beliefs about learning versus perceptions of self-efficacy(博士論文)。University of Southern California，Los Angeles。
3.	Gifford, B. L.(2004)。Teacher beliefs, leafning styles, and technology implementation in rural, secondary classrooms in Massauchusetts(博士論文)。Johnson and Wales University。
4.	Wang, S.(1997)。The roles of perceived beliefs in effort, self-efficacy, and task value on high school students’ effort and math achievement in Taiwan(博士論文)。University of Southern California，Los Angeles。
5.	Whitehead, A. R.(2002)。Self-efficacy and context beliefs of teachers regarding technology: Relationship of those beliefs to technology use in the classroom(博士論文)。Marywood University。
6.	陳淑菁(1997)。國小科技與資訊整合課程實施方法之研究--設科與融入之時間分析(碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學。延伸查詢

圖書
1.	台北市教育局(2002)。台北市資訊教育現況與未來展望222。台北市政府教育局。延伸查詢
2.	教育部(2001)。中小學資訊教育總藍圖。台北：教育部。延伸查詢
3.	Clark, E. C.、Mayer, R. E.(2003)。E-learning and the science of instruction。San Francisco, CA：John Wiley & Sons, Inc.。
4.	Ford, M. E.(1992)。Motivating humans: Goals, emotions, and personal agency beliefs。Newburk Park：Sage。
5.	Morrison, G.、Lowther, D.(2001)。Integrating Computer Technology into the Classroom。New York：Prentice Hall。
6.	Roblyer, M. D.(2003)。Integrating educational technology into teaching。Prentice Hall。
7.	Gilbert, T. F.(1996)。Human competence: engineering worthy performance。Amherst, MA：HRD Press, Inc.。
8.	Pintrich, P. R.、Schunk, D. H.(1996)。Motivation in education: Theory, research, and application。Englewood Cliffs, NJ：Prentice Hall。
9.	Sandholtz, J. H.、Ringstaff, C.、Dwyer, D. C.(1997)。Teaching with technology: Creating student centered classrooms。Teachers College Press。
10.	Ashton, Patricia T.、Webb, Rodman B.(1986)。Making a Difference: Teachers' Sense of Efficacy and Student Achievement。Longman。
11.	Bandura, A.、Wessels, S.(1997)。Self-efficacy: The exercise of self-control。New York：Freeman。

單篇論文
1.	Clark, R. E.(1997)。The CANE model to learn and to work: A two-Stage process of goal commitment and effort，Belgium：University of Leuven。

其他
1.	教育部(2002)。資訊教育基礎建設--擴大內需方案，http://www.edu.tw/information/expand/ expand.html， 2003/08/14。延伸查詢
2.	Bandura, A.(1998)。About Bandura and self-efficacy，http:// userwww.service.emory.edu/~mpajare/efficacy.html， 2004/06/12。
3.	Hagel, P.，Zulian, F.，Drennan, J.，Mahoney, D.，Trigg, M.(1996)。Value adding: Adapting a paper-based teaching case for the WWW environment，http://www.ascilite.org.au/conf96/25.html， 2004/06/14。
4.	US Department of Education(2005)。Preparing tomorrow's teachers to use technology program (PT3)，http://www.ed.gov/programs/ teachertech/index.html， 2005/08/26。

圖書論文
1.	Ashton, P. T.(1985)。Motivation and teacher's sense of efficacy。Research on motivation in education Vol. 2: The classroom Milieu。Orlando, FL：Academic Press。
2.	Cornell, R.、Martin, B. L.(1997)。The role of motivation in web-based instruction。Web-based instruction。Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey：Educational Technology Publications。
3.	Dawson, K.(1998)。Factors influencing elementary teachers’ instructional computers use。Research, technology andteacher education annual for the advancement of computing in education, Orlando, Florida。Orlando, Florida。
4.	Pintrich, R. P.、Schrauben, B.(1992)。Student’s motivational beliefs and their cognitive engagement in classroom tasks。Student’s perceptions in the classroom: Causes and consequences。Hillsdale, NJ：Erlbaum。
5.	Stolovitch, H.、Keeps, E.(1992)。What is human performance technology?。Handbook of human performance technology: A comprehensive guide for analyzing and solving performance problems in organizations。San Francisco：Jossey-Bass Publishers。
6.	Wigfield, A.(1994)。The role of children's achievement values in the self-regulation of their learning outcomes。Self-regulation oflearning and performance: Issues and educational applications。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
7.	Wigfield, A.、Eccles, J. S.(1998)。The development of childrens' motivation in school contexts。Review of research in education。NW Washington：American Educational Research Association。
8.	Clark, R. E.(1998)。The CANE model of motivation to learn and to work: A two-stage process of goal commitment and effort。Trend in corporate training。Leuven：University of Leuven Press。

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