Since 911 and the Islamic terrorist attack on the USA, ‘Terrorism’ has become a focus of increasing scholarly interest. Some states have had terrorism for a long time, some other countries are new to this kind of criminal act. But it already influences the safety of the world, and has become a phenomenon that we need to understand more deeply. This article adopts a Foucauldian approach to understanding contemporary terrorism (Foucault, 1975) in the first chapter of Surveiller et punir argued that there are two kinds of historical research. The first “uses today’s concepts to study yesterday”; the second “builds the history of today” it means using the past to understand the contemporary situation.). The present article seeks to understand the contemporary situation and uses the second method as advocated by Foucault.we concentrate the research on French history, because arguably the oldest terrorism in history is based in France-Napoleon was the first one who used this term in 1800). France also had domestic civilian deaths (Algerian war). The second part of the article establishes a typology, and sets out to understand the limitations of any typology on terrorism. The objective is to understand the basic question of terrorism, because, if we want to establish good prevention or appropriate punishment, we first need to know what is the real nature of terrorism.