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題名：中小學之科學本質與科學史的教學需求之研究
書刊名：科學教育學刊
作者：許良榮 引用關係／蕭培玉
作者(外文)：Hsu, Liang-rong／Hsiao, Pei-yu
出版日期：2007
卷期：15:1
頁次：頁1-23
主題關鍵詞：大慧調查；科學史；科學本質；Delphi method；History of science；Nature of science
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:39
  • 點閱點閱:56
近年來科學教育改革中，科學史與科學本質受到極為廣泛的重視，但不論國內外，對於中小學需要教導哪些科學本質與科學史尚未有一致的觀點。本研究採用大慧(Delphi)調查法諮詢國內20 位專家學者，包括純科學、科學教育、科學史哲、環境教育與教育專家學者。以期歸納出中小學不同年級階段需要教導之科學本質教學目標與科學史的教學內容。研究結果歸納出中小學所需教導之科學本質的教學目標，小學階段有9 項、國中階段有22 項、高中階段有28 項。科學史的教學內容方面，在小學階段，專家之間未達共識，未歸納出需教導的內容，而國中階段需教導之科學史內容有5 項、高中階段有12 項。在科學史內容的呈現方面，研究結果發現有部分沒有達到篩選原則的科學史教學內容項目，專家學者認為可以「基本教材」方式呈現，顯示科學史內容應如何呈現，仍是有待深入探究的問題之一。另一方面，本研究歸納的科學本質之教學目標包含了McComas和Almazroa(1998)以及Osborne 等人(2003)所提出之科學本質目標，但是與九年一貫課程之重疊性不高，因此九年一貫課程之科學本質目標是否恰當，似乎有再思考的必要。最後根據研究結果，本研究提出國內專家認為中小學在科學教學所需教導之科學本質目標與科學史內容，期望能提供未來編製教材之參考。
In recent reforms of science education, the nature of science (NOS) and history of science (HOS) are broadly emphasized. However, there is a lack of consensus on what should be taught regarding the NOS and HOS. This paper interviewed 20 experts and scholars in Taiwan, including scientists, science educators, history and philosophy of science (HPS), environmental educators and education experts using Delphi Method. Regarding the NOS, the teaching goals can be broken down into 3 education levels: 9 items for elementary schools, 22 for junior high schools, and 28 for senior high schools. However, the results indicated that the experts have not agreed on the necessity for elementary schools to study the HOS. Five and 12 items of teaching goals were composed of the content of the HOS in junior high school and senior high schools, respectively. These HOS items are fundamental and therefore must be included in the curriculum. In additional, the results from the survey regarding teaching goals of NOS are in agreement with the findings of McComas & Almazroa (1998) and Osborne et al., (2003). However, in comparison with the nine-year articulated curriculum, the teaching goals of NOS are different from our research. Reconsideration of the teaching goals of NOS in the nine-year articulated curriculum may be necessary. In summary, this study not only provides teaching goals and objectives of the NOS and HOS for elementary and secondary schools, but also provides a reference framework for the future development of science curriculums.
期刊論文
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2.Leite, L.(2002)。History of Science in Science Education: Development and Validation of a Checklist for Analysing the Historical Content of Science Textbooks。Science & Education，11，333-359。  new window
3.Stanley, W. B.、Brickhouse, N. W.(2001)。Teaching Science: The Multicultural Question Revisited。Science Education，85，35-49。  new window
4.Smith, M. U.、Scharmann, L. C.(1999)。Defining versus Describing the Nature of Science: A Pragmatic Analysis of Classroom Teachers and Science Education。Science Education，83，493-509。  new window
5.Lederman, N. G.、Wade, P. D.、Bell, R. L.(1998)。Assessing the nature of science: What is the nature of our assessments?。Science & Education，7(6)，595-615。  new window
6.Lederman, N. G.(1998)。The state of science education: subject matter without context。Electric Journal of Science Education，3(2)，1-11。  new window
7.林陳涌(19960300)。「了解科學本質量表」之發展與效化。科學教育學刊，4(1)，31-58。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.許良榮(19960600)。課文結構與先備知識對於科學理論之學習助益性的研究。臺中師院學報，10，471-504。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.鄭秀如、林煥祥(19980600)。科學史對高中學生學習成就之影響。科學與教育學報，2，205+207-222。  延伸查詢new window
10.翁秀玉、段曉林(19970900)。科學史對國小六年級學生理解科學本質之成效。科學教育研究與發展季刊，8，26-41。  延伸查詢new window
11.巫俊明(19971000)。歷史導向物理課程對學生科學本質的了解、科學態度、及物理學科成績之影響。物理教育，1(2)，64-84。  延伸查詢new window
12.Brush, S. G.(1974)。Should the history of science be rated X?。Science，183，1164-1172。  new window
13.Schecker, H. P.(1992)。The paradigmatic change in mechanics: Implication of historical processes for physics education。Science and Education，1(1)，71-76。  new window
14.洪振方(19970400)。科學史融入科學教學之探討。高雄師大學報，8，233-246。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.Garrison, J. W.、Lawwill, K. S.(1993)。Democratic science teaching: A role for the history of science。Interchange，24(1/2)，23-39。  new window
16.翁秀玉、段曉林(19970600)。科學本質在科學教育上的啟示與作法。科學教育，201，2-16。  延伸查詢new window
17.許良榮、李田英(19950400)。科學史在科學教學的角色與功能。科學教育，179，15-27。  延伸查詢new window
18.Alters, B. J.(1997)。Whose nature of science?。Journal of Research in Science Teaching，34(1)，39-55。  new window
19.Osborne, J.、Collins, S.、Ratcliffe, M.、Millar, R.、Duschl, R.(2003)。What "ideas-about-science" should be taught in school science? A Delphi study of the expert community。Journal of Research in Science Teaching，40(7)，692-720。  new window
20.洪振方(19980300)。科學教學的另類選擇：融入科學史的教學。屏師科學教育，7，2-10。  延伸查詢new window
21.楊文金、楊莉川(19980400)。從社會認同理論探討高中生傾向科學的態度與科學本質的理解。物理教育，2(1)，45-62。  延伸查詢new window
22.Alters, Brian J.(1997)。Nature of science: A diversity or uniformity of ideas。Journal of Research in Science Teaching，34(10)，1105-1108。  new window
23.Lederman, N. G.(1992)。Students' and teachers' conceptions of the nature of science: A review of the research。Journal of Research in Science Teaching，29(4)，331-359。  new window
24.Rubba, Peter A.、Andersen, Hans O.(1978)。Development of an Instrument to Assess Secondary School Students' Understanding of the Nature of Scientific Knowledge。Science Education，62(4)，449-458。  new window
25.Abd-El-Khalick, F.、Lederman, N. G.(2000)。The Influence of History of Science Courses on Students' Views of Nature of Science。Journal of Research in Science Teaching，37(10)，1057-1095。  new window
26.Kuei, C. H.、Madu, C.、Lin, C.、Chow, W. S.(2002)。Developing supply chain strategies based on the survey of supply chain quality and technology management。International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management，19(7)，889-901。  new window
27.McComas, W. F.、Almazroa, H.(1998)。The Nature of Science in Science Education: An Introduction。Science & Education，7，511-532。  new window
28.Carey, Russell L.、Stauss, Nyles G.(1968)。An Analysis of the Understanding of the Nature of Science by Prospective Secondary Science Teachers。Science Education，58(4)，358-363。  new window
29.King, Bruce B.(1991)。Beginning Teachers' Knowledge of and Attitudes toward History and Philosophy of Science。Science Education，75(1)，135-141。  new window
30.許良榮(1999)。科學史和科學教育：一些省思與建議。物理教育，3(1)，93-101。  延伸查詢new window
31.許良榮(1998)。科學史課文對於科學理論之學習影響的研究。中師數理學報，2(1)，111-141。  延伸查詢new window
32.許良榮、侯志洋(2002)。國小自然科教師對科學史融入教學之態度（II）：晤談研究。臺中師院學報，16，551-576。new window  延伸查詢new window
33.黃鴻博(1998)。國民小學教師對科學本質信念之研究。中師數理學報，1(1)，189-210。  延伸查詢new window
34.陳淑媛、洪振方(1998)。融入科學史之教學對學生了解科學本質之影響。科學與教育學報，2，121-150。  延伸查詢new window
35.Duschl, R. A.(1988)。Abandoning the Scientific Legacy of Science Education。Science Education，72，51-62。  new window
36.Tsai, C. C.(1998)。An Analysis of Scientific Epistemological Beliefs and Learning Orientations of Taiwanese Eighth Graders。Science Education，82，473-489。  new window
37.Cleminson, A.(1990)。Establishingan Epistemological Base for Science Teaching in the Light of Contemporary Notions of the Nature Science and How Children Learn Science。Journal of Research in Science Teaching，27，429-445。  new window
38.Smith, M. U.、Lederman, N. G.、Bell, R.、McComas, W. F.、Clough, M.(1997)。How Great Is the Disagreement about the Nature of Science: A Response to Alters。Journal of Research in Science Teaching，34(1)，1101-1103。  new window
39.Palmquist, B. C.、Finley, F. N.(1997)。Preservice Teacher's Views of the Science during a Postbaccalaureate Science Teaching Program。Journal of Research in Science Teaching，34(6)，595-615。  new window
40.Roach, L. E.、Wandersee, J. H.(1995)。Putting People Back to Science: Using Historical Vignettes。School Science and Mathematics，95(7)，365-370。  new window
41.Lederman, N. G.(1986)。Relating Teaching Behavior and Classroom Climate to Change in Students' Conceptions of Nature of Science。Science Education，70(1)，3-19。  new window
42.Lederman, N. G.、Zeidler, D. L.(1987)。Science Teachers' Conceptions of the Nature of Science: Do They Really Influence Teacher Behavior?。Science Education，71(5)，721-734。  new window
43.Horner, J.、Rubba, P.(1979)。The Laws Are Mature Theories Fable。The Science Teacher，45(2)，31-31。  new window
44.Kimball, M. E.(1967)。Understanding the Nature of Science: A Comparison of Scientist and Science Teachers。Journal of Research in Science Teaching，5(2)，110-120。  new window
會議論文
1.鄭湧涇、周美雪、張麗珠(1989)。職前與在職生物教師對科學的本質的了解。臺北：行政院國家科學委員會。257-283。  延伸查詢new window
2.林煥祥(2000)。以科學史提升在職化學教師對科學本質的瞭解。0。  延伸查詢new window
3.許良榮(1997)。科學課文結構對科學學習的影響。臺北市。543-571。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.廖麗貞、洪振方(1998)。科學史哲在科學教學之研究－科學史在大學生物通識教育之研究。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
2.林財庫(2000)。科學史、哲在科學教育之研究－學習科學史、哲對力學教學之影響（III）。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.李玉貞(2000)。光學史融入教學對高中學生科學本質觀及光概念的改變之研究(碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.鄭子善(2000)。科學故事課程設計之行動研究--以燃燒現象發展史為例(碩士論文)。國立花蓮師範學院。  延伸查詢new window
3.張艷華(2002)。建構中學教師專業評鑑指標之研究(碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學，高雄。  延伸查詢new window
4.張榮耀(2000)。以科學史與本體論的觀點探討概念改變之機制(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
5.鄭秀如(1996)。科學史對學生科學知識本質觀及學習成就之影響，0。  延伸查詢new window
6.尹基勉(1998)。「原子結構」概念之建構式教學研究，0。  延伸查詢new window
7.陳和玉(1998)。科學史融入高中物理之教學方法研究，0。  延伸查詢new window
8.Giddings, J. G.(1982)。Presuppositions in School Science Textbooks，Iowa。  new window
圖書
1.American Association for the Advancement of Science(1989)。Project 2061 Science for All Americans。American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)。  new window
2.Scheaffer, R. L.、Mendenhall, W.、Ott, L.(1990)。Elementary Survey Sampling。Boston, MA：PWS-KENT。  new window
3.National Research Council(1996)。National Science Education Standards。Washington, DC：National Academy Press。  new window
4.Kuhn, Thomas Samuel(1970)。The Structure of Scientific Revolutions。University of Chicago Press。  new window
5.Michael R. Matthews(1994)。Science Teaching: The Role of History and Philosophy of Science。New York：Routledge。  new window
6.Cooley, W. W.、Klopfer, L.(1961)。Test on Understanding Science: Form W。Test on Understanding Science: Form W。Princeton, NJ。  new window
7.Lederman, N. G.(1983)。Delineating Classroom Variables Related to Students' Conception of the Nature of Science。Delineating Classroom Variables Related to Students' Conception of the Nature of Science。New York, NY。  new window
8.Sorsby, B.(2000)。The Irresistible Rise of the Nature of Science in Science Curricula。Issues in Science Teaching。London, UK。  new window
圖書論文
1.Kauffman, G. B.(1991)。History in the chemistry curriculum。History, philosophy, and science teaching: Selected readings。Toronto：OISE Press。  new window
2.Brush, S. G.(1989)。History of science and science education。Teaching the History of Science。Basil Blackwell。  new window
3.傅麗玉(1996)。科學史與台灣中等教育之整合--問題與建議。化學教學面面觀。師大中等教育輔導委員會。  延伸查詢new window
4.Duschl, R. A.(1994)。Research in the history and philosophy of science。Handbook of Research on Science Teaching and Learning。New York：McMillan。  new window
 
 
 
 
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