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題名:建構多數政府的憲政基礎
書刊名:國家發展研究
作者:周育仁 引用關係
作者(外文):Chou, Yu-jen
出版日期:2005
卷期:5:1
頁次:頁43-66
主題關鍵詞:多數政府內閣制總統制雙首長制少數政府分裂政府Majoritarian governmentParliamentary systemPresidential systemMinority governmentDivided government
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:91
  • 點閱點閱:102
在內閣制、總統制與雙首長制之下,行政立法呈現不同關係,進而影響多數政府是否出現。究竟何者較適於我國,除需瞭解何種關係較有利於政府順利運作外,也需考量我國現有國情與政治現實。 內閣制多數情況下係屬多數政府,也可能出現少數政府;總統制之下,可能出現多數政府,但也可能出現分裂政府。只有在法國,無論是呈現總統制或雙首長制,都是呈現多數政府的結構。 現行政府體制存在的最大問題在於:總統沒有主動解散立法院的權力。若總統堅持少數政府,而立法院多數賞(聯盟)又不倒閣,就會出現行政立法對立的困境。在現有制度下,過去六年半的經驗已注定:當總統所屬政黨未掌握立法院過半席次時,總統不會任命立法院多數黨(聯盟)支持者擔任行政院院長,而多數黨也不太可能會倒閣,行政立法之互動關係也因而陷入長期僵局。 由於總統制仍可能出現分裂政府,其缺點更甚於目前的少數政府,因之並不適合我國。只有透過修憲建立強制換軌機制,讓我國政府體制在總統制與雙首長制之間換軌,確保行政立法由同一政黨(聯盟)掌握,方能化解現有少數政府的憲政僵局。
The relationship between the executive branch and the legislative branch is different among the parliamentary system, the presidential system, and the semi-presidential system, which will affect the appearance of majoritarian government. To conclude what system is most suitable for Taiwan, we not only need to see a system's efficiency in its operation on the government, but also need to consider Taiwan's specific situation and its political reality. Moreover, we find that no matter what it is, the parliamentary system or the presidential system, a majoritarian government or a minority (divided) government could exist. However, in France, despite it was presidential system or the semi-presidential system, the majoritarian government stands all the time. The major problem for Taiwan's existing political system is that the president cannot dissolve the Legislative Yuan by his own will. The relationship between the executive branch and Legislative branch would be in deadlock if the president insisted a minority government and the majority party in the Legislative Yuan had no intention to overthrow the cabinet. Under this system, the experiences in the past six years proved that the President would not appoint those who supported by the Legislative Yuan's majority party (coalition), and the majority party would also not overthrow the cabinet. Therefore, the interaction between the executive branch and the legislative branch is in deadlock all the time. According to our analyses, a divided government, which is worse than the existing minority government, might occur in the presidential system. If the constitution could be amended to construct the mechanism for forcible alternation between the presidential system and the semi-presidential system on one hand, and assure that the executive branch and the legislative branch would be controlled by the same party (coalition) on the other hand, the deadlock between the two sides could therefore be resolved.
期刊論文
1.林濁水(19970204)。「半總統制」憲政運作展望。國家政策雙周刊,157,8-10。  延伸查詢new window
2.徐正戎(200006)。「左右共治」--「雙首長制」之宿命?。政策月刊,59,8-12。  延伸查詢new window
3.郭正亮(19960700)。尋求總統和國會的平衡:雙首長制對臺灣憲改的時代意義。問題與研究,35(7),56-72。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.吳東野(19960100)。「半總統制」之探討。美歐月刊,11(1)=117,72-85。  延伸查詢new window
5.朱雲漢(19931116)。法國憲政體制對我國憲改的啟示。國家政策雙周刊,73,3-9。  延伸查詢new window
6.Duverger, Maurice(1980)。A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential Government。European Journal of Political Research,8(2),165-187。  new window
7.吳東野(19960800)。「半總統制」政府體系的理論與實際。問題與研究,35(8),37-49。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.周陽山(19960800)。總統制、議會制、半總統制與政治穩定。問題與研究,35(8),50-61。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.周育仁(19960800)。總統直選對我國憲政體制之影響。問題與研究,35(8),62-74。new window  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.王業立(2000)。總統直選對憲政運作之影響。「九七修憲與憲政發展」學術研討會,財團法人國家政策研究基金會與臺北大學選舉研究中心主辦 (會議日期: 2000年12月9日)。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
2.周育仁(20001209)。九七修憲後中央政府體制之定位。九七修憲與憲政發展學術研討會,國家政策研究基金會主辦,台北大學公共事務學院選舉研究中心協辦 。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Lijphart, Arend(1984)。Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-One Countries。Yale University Press。  new window
其他
1.中國國民黨中央委員會政策研究工作會(1997)。修憲結果對未來政局影響座談會紀實。  延伸查詢new window
2.王業立(2004)。聯合報。  延伸查詢new window
3.李念祖(2001)。憲政主義與民主鞏固--論我國雙首長制憲法對於政治部門的控制。  延伸查詢new window
4.周育仁(2000)。全民政府降格變立院行政局?。  延伸查詢new window
5.周育仁(2000)。執政者是憲政體制的亂源。  延伸查詢new window
6.胡佛(1998)。總統民選與憲政結構的變化。  延伸查詢new window
7.高朗(2001)。評析少數政府與聯合政府出現的時機與條件。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.彭錦鵬(2001)。總統制是可取的制度?。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.葛永光(2001)。總統否決權與覆議制度之研究:美、法、中之經驗。  延伸查詢new window
10.蔡政文(2000)。中華民國憲法增修條文釋義--第四次修憲之研究。  延伸查詢new window
11.謝復生(1996)。駁『總統直選後權力必增』說。  延伸查詢new window
12.蘇永欽(2000)。清流共治?左右共治?聯合共治?。  延伸查詢new window
13.Aron, Raymon(1981)。Alternation in Government in the Industrialized Countries。  new window
14.Levine, Herbert M.(1990)。Political Issue Debated: An Introduction to Politics。  new window
圖書論文
1.Blondel, Jean(1992)。Dual Leadership in the Contemporary World。Parliamentary Versus Presidential Government。Oxford University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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