中文
王力行,1993,《無愧:郝柏村的政治之旅》,台北︰天下文化。
王金壽,1994,《國民黨候選人選舉機器的建立與運作》,新竹:國立清華大學社會人類學研究所碩士論文。
王金壽,2004,〈瓦解中的地方派系:以屏東為例〉,《台灣社會學》,7︰177~207。王金壽,2006,〈台灣的司法獨立改革與國民黨侍從主義的崩潰〉,《台灣政治學刊》,10﹙1﹚︰103~162。李登輝,2004,《見證台灣:蔣經國總統與我》,台北縣:國史館。
王振寰,1996,《誰統治台灣?:轉型中的國家機器與權力結構》,臺北,巨流。王輝煌,2000,〈官僚制度與民主政治~以美日台的結構性比較分析為例〉,《人文及社會科學集刊》,12﹙2﹚:347~386。李功勤,2001,《蔣介石台灣時代的政治菁英(一九五零年~一九七五年):以中國國民黨中常委及內閣成員為例》,嘉義:中正大學歷史學研究所博士論文。余致力,2002,〈台灣行政學研究的新課題:政黨輪替對文官體系的衝擊與影響〉,《張金鑑教授百齡誕辰紀念會暨學術研討會論文集》,臺北:中國行政學會︰127~169。余致力,2007,〈性別差異對公共管理者任用之影響:代表性文官體系的理論省思與實證探索〉,《國家菁英季刊》,3﹙4﹚︰61~84。
江明修,2000,〈政權移轉與文官體系的改革〉,《國策專刊》,15:12~14。
江明修、曾冠球,2001,〈政權移轉衝擊下我國文官體制的再體制化〉,《考銓季刊》,27:49~57。江明修、許文傑、梅高文,2002,〈各國行政改革之比較及其對我國之啟示:面對千禧年政黨輪替後的新思維〉,《中國行政》,71:97~132。
江明修、陳秋政,2004,〈高階行政主管培訓與進用之研究:理論與國際經驗析探〉,《考銓季刊》,37:41~54。林佳龍,1999,〈解釋台灣的民主化︰政體類型與菁英的策略選擇〉,林佳龍、邱澤奇主編,《兩岸黨國體制與民主發展:哈佛大學東西方學者的對話》,臺北:月旦,25~66。
林佳龍,2002,〈導讀:半總統制、多黨體系與不穩定的民主︰台灣憲政衝突的制度分析〉,曾建元等﹙譯﹚,《總統與國會:憲政設計與選舉動力》,臺北︰韋伯文化,V~XXXViii。
林基源,2001,〈事務官不宜隨著政務官起舞〉,《國家政策論壇》,1﹙3﹚︰171~172。
林嘉誠,2007,〈政務首長的流動分析︰2000.5~2007.5〉,《國家菁英季刊》,3﹙4﹚︰1~8。
林燕翎,2000,〈吳乃仁:新政府用舊官僚 像請鬼拿藥單〉,《經濟日報》,9/28,2版。
朱雲漢,2004,〈台灣民主發展的困境與挑戰〉,《台灣民主季刊》,1﹙1﹚︰143~162。吳玉山,2001,〈合作還是對立?半總統制府會分立下的憲政運作〉,明居正、高朗﹙主編﹚,《憲政體制新走向》,臺北:新台灣人基金會。
吳容明,2004,〈政務人員相關人事法制之研究〉,《考銓季刊》,37:1~17。周玉蔻,1993,《李登輝的一千天 : 1988~1992》,臺北:麥田。
周玉蔻、甯育華,2000,《唐飛--在關鍵年代裡》,臺北:英特發。
周育仁,2007,〈九七修憲後我國中央政府體制之定位〉,,《國政研究報告》,臺北︰財團法人國家政策研究基金會。http://www.npf.org.tw/post/2/289
邱育琤、徐永明,2004a,〈「新」政府,「舊」官僚?:中央政黨輪替與行政菁英的流動〉,《公共行政學報》,12:1~40。邱育琤、徐永明,2004b,〈民進黨執政菁英的形成:以第一次中央政黨輪替為觀察對象〉,《台灣政治學刊》,8﹙2﹚:121~183。邱育琤,2005,《中央政府執政菁英之代表性研究:國民黨與民進黨政權之比較(1993~2004)》,臺北﹕政治大學公共行政學系碩士論文。
胡祖慶,2008,〈憲政承諾 馬不宜兼黨主席〉,《聯合報》,8/30,15版。
胡佛,1993,〈序:關鍵年代的歷史見證〉,收錄於王力行著,《無愧:郝柏村的政治之旅》,台北縣:天下文化,XIII~XXII。
胡龍騰,2007,〈政黨輪替前後高階行政主管流動之比較〉,《國家菁英季刊》,3﹙4﹚︰31~42。
徐永明、陳鴻章,2004,〈地方派系與國民黨:衰退還是深化〉,《台灣社會學》,8:193~228。徐永明、林昌平,2009,〈選舉縱橫資料中地區效果的測量:以民進黨得票率的變化為例1986~2004〉,《人文及社會科學集刊》,21﹙3﹚:431~465。涂志堅、劉念夏,2001,〈陳水扁就職週年施政滿意度評估〉,《國政研究報告》,臺北︰財團法人國家政策研究基金會。http://old.npf.org.tw/PUBLICATION/IA/090/IA-R-090-006.htm
許玉君,2002,〈陳總統今接民進黨主席 步入黨政合一新紀元 中執委等也將於全代會選出〉,《經濟報》,7/21,4版。
許立一,1995,《文官行政中立~困境的檢視與概念的新詮》,《行政學報》,26:31~48。許世榕,2001,《我國高級文官考選制度之發展從甲等特考到高考一級》,臺北﹕政治大學公共行政研究所碩士論文。
許南雄,1987,〈文官行政與考銓機構體制之研究〉,《公共行政學報》,3︰131~212。許南雄,1988a,〈各國中央行政機關幕僚長體制之比較〉,《考銓季刊》,16︰62~87。許南雄,1988b,〈各國「常務次長」體制之比較 -上-〉,《人事月刊》,26﹙4﹚︰9~21。
許南雄,1988c,〈各國「常務次長」體制之比較 -下-〉,《人事月刊》,26﹙5﹚︰8~24。
許南雄,1988d,〈政務官與事務官的責任體制 -上-〉,《公務人員月刊》,27︰57~66。
許南雄,1988e,〈政務官與事務官的責任體制 -下-〉,《公務人員月刊》,28︰34~50。
許南雄,1989,〈各國中央行政機關幕僚長體制之比較 -續-〉,《考銓季刊》,17︰72~92。許南雄,1993,〈政務官與事務官的體制〉,《中國行政》,54︰1~13。
許南雄,1997,〈各國公務員分類體系之比較研究〉,《法商學報》,33 :131~185。
許毓圃,2001,〈從我國文官法制談政務官與事務官責任分記~兼評民進黨政府諉過事務官之得失〉,《國家政策論壇》,1﹙3﹚:168~170。
許濱松,2001,《各國人事制度》,台北﹕中華電視公司。
郭正亮,1996,〈尋求總統和國會的平衡:雙首長制對台灣憲改的時代意義〉,《問題與研究》,35(7):56~72。隋杜卿,2002,〈我國現行中央政府體制的定位、爭議與前瞻 〉,《國家政策論壇》,22(2):39~48。
曾建元等譯,2002,《總統與國會:憲政設計與選舉動力》,臺北:韋伯文化。譯自 Shugart, Matthew S, and John M. Carey. Presidents and Assemblies : Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
曾建元,2003,〈 台灣憲政體制原理與民主治理實踐 〉,《淡江人文社會學刊》,17:129~140。張慧英,2000,《李登輝1998~2000執政十二年》,臺北:天下文化。
施能傑,1996,〈政務職位體制的運用~歐美經驗及其啟示〉,彭錦鵬﹙編﹚,《文官體制之比較研究》,臺北︰中研院歐美所,79~113。
游盈隆,1997,〈民主鞏固與台灣憲政體制選擇〉,游盈隆主編,《民主鞏固或崩潰:台灣二十一世紀的挑戰》,臺北,月旦,49~76。
湯德宗,1998,〈論九七修憲後的權力分立:憲改工程的另類選擇〉,《台大法學論叢》,27﹙2﹚︰135~178。黃昭元,1998,〈九七修憲後我國中央政府體制的評估〉,《台大法學論叢》,27﹙2﹚︰183~261。黃德福,1990,〈選舉、地方派系與政治轉型:七十八年底三項公職選舉之省思〉,《中山科學季刊》,5﹙1﹚:84~96。
黃德福,1994,〈現代化、選舉競爭與地方派系:1992年立法委員選舉的分析〉,《選舉研究》,1﹙1﹚:75~92。
黃臺生,1995,〈政務官與事務官體制之區分〉,《人事行政》,112:3~21。
黃煥榮,2000,《組織中玻璃天花板效應之研究︰行政院部會機關女性升遷之實證分析》,臺北﹕政治大學公共行政學系博士論文。黃煥榮,2007,〈突破玻璃天花板:女性行政菁英事業生涯發展的問題與展望〉,《國家菁英季刊》,3﹙4﹚︰85~108。
陳金貴,1996,〈中華民國、美國、英國三國文官制度改革之比較研究〉,彭錦鵬﹙編﹚,《文官體制之比較研究》,臺北︰中研院歐美所,1~42。陳明通、朱雲漢,1992,〈區域性聯合獨佔經濟、地方派系與省議員選舉︰一項省議員選舉候選人背景資料分析〉,《國家科學委員會研究彙刊:人文及社會科學》,2﹙1﹚︰77~97。
陳明通,1995,《派系政治與台灣政治變遷》,臺北,月旦。
陳東升,1995,《金權城市:地方派系、財團與台北都會發展的社會分析》,臺北,巨流。陳敏鳳,2000,〈內閣二三級主管不配合 就調整 扁:願給閣員更多機會 但主管不配合就要檢討不該蹉跎〉,《聯合晚報》,8/28,2版。
陳敦源,2000,〈誰掌控官僚體系?:從代理人理論看臺灣官僚體系的政治控制問題〉,《公共行政學報》,4︰99~130。陳敦源,2002,《民主與官僚:新制度論的觀點》,臺北:韋伯。莊英章,1971,〈南村的宗族與地方自治〉,《中央研究院民族學研究所集刊》,31:213~233。
彭懷恩,1986,《中華民國的政治菁英:行政院會議成員的分析(1950~1985)》,臺北﹕台灣大學政治學研究所博士論文。
彭錦鵬,2002,〈政治行政之虛擬分際:由「兩分說」到「理想型」〉,《政治科學論叢》,16:89~118。葉俊榮,1998,〈九七憲改與台灣憲法變遷的模式〉,《台大法學論叢》,27﹙2﹚:7~47。國民大會秘書處,1991,《第一屆國民大會第二次臨時會實錄》,臺北:國民大會秘書處。
趙永茂,1978,《台灣地方派系與地方建設之關係》,高雄:德馨室。
蔡明惠、張茂桂,1994,〈地方派系的形成與變遷:河口鎮的個案研究〉,《中央研究院民族學研究所集刊》,77:125~156。
蔡良文,2000,〈政黨輪替與文官體制之發展〉,《考銓季刊》,23:17~47。蔡良文,2004,〈論政治變遷中銓敘體制之變革與發展〉,《考銓季刊》,37:18~40。顏秋來,1986,《我國高級文官甄補之研究》,臺北﹕政治大學公共行政學系碩士論文。
顏秋來,2006,〈政務官與事務官體制運作之研究〉,《國家菁英季刊》, 2 ﹙1﹚:21~38。
賴維堯,1993a,〈我國中央司處長社會背景研究〉,《人事月刊》,16﹙3﹚:24~37。
賴維堯,1993b,〈我國中央司處長公務生涯與任用取向之研究(上)〉,《人事月刊》,17﹙3﹚:93~100。
賴維堯,1993c,〈我國中央司處長公務生涯與任用取向之研究(下)〉,《人事月刊》,17﹙4﹚:36~46。
賴維堯,1995,〈我國中央高級文官生涯特徵之研究〉,《空大行政學報》,3:37~69。賴維堯,1996,〈高級文官生涯特徵:我國與歐美日比較研究〉,彭錦鵬﹙編﹚,《文官體制之比較研究》,臺北︰中研院歐美所,115~149。戴安瑋,2002,〈扁不兼主席承諾破局 馬英九:選民早習慣〉,《聯合晚報》,7/21,2版。
蔣珮琳,2005,《我國行政菁英社會背景之研究》,臺北﹕世新大學行政管理學系碩士論文。
蘇永欽,2001,〈從憲政體制看中華民國總統之職權座談會發言〉,財團法人國家政策研究基金會憲政法治組﹙編﹚,《從憲政體制看中華民國總統之職權座談會實錄》,臺北︰財團法人國家政策研究基金會。http://old.npf.org.tw/Symposium/s90/900707-CL.htm
蘇進強,1999,〈列寧式政權民主化過程中的軍政關係~台灣的發展經驗〉,林佳龍、邱澤奇﹙編﹚,《兩岸黨國體制與民主發展》,臺北︰月旦,189~236。
蘇進強,2005,〈從軍事文化的觀點看台灣政黨輪替後的文武關係〉,《新世紀智庫論壇》,31:67~88。
薛化元主編,1996,《台灣歷史年表~終戰篇Ⅲ(1979~1988)》,臺北﹕業強。
薛化元,1997,〈中華民國憲政藍圖的歷史演變:行政權為中心的考察〉,《月旦法學》,26:10~22。
薛承泰,1993,〈事件時序分析法﹙Event History Analysis﹚簡介〉,《人口研究通訊》,14:18~24。
蕭全政,1994,〈文官政策的時代意義與改革方向〉,蕭全政等﹙著﹚,《重建文官體制》,臺北︰業強,1~24。
英文
Aberbach, Joel D. 1991. "The President and the Executive Branch." In Colin Campbell and Bert Rockman, eds., The Bush Presidency:First Appraisals. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House, pp. 223~247.
Akerlof, George A. 1970.“The Market for "Lemons" : Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism.”The Quarterly Journal of Economics 84(3):488~500.
Arrow, Kenneth J., 1969. "The Organization of Economic Activity : Issues Pertinent to the Choice of Market versus Non-market Allocations," Analysis and Evaluation of Public Expenditures: The PPP System, 1:47~64.
Bendor, Jonathan. 1988. “Formal Models of Bureaucracy.”British Journal of Political Science, 18(3):353~395.
Berggren, Niclas and Nils Karlson. 2003.“Constitutionalism, division of power and transaction costs.”Public Choice, 117: 99~124.
Boissevain, Jeremy. 1966. "Patronage in Sicily."Man, 1(1):18~33.
Bosco, Joseph. 1992. "Taiwan Factions : Guanxi, Patronage, and the State in Local Politics." Ethnology, 31(2):157~183.
Brauer, Carl. 1987.“Tenure, Turnover, and Postgovernment Employment Trends of Presidential Appointees.”In The In-and-Outers : Presidential Appointees and Transient Government in Washington, eds. G. Calvin Mackenzie. Baltimore, Maryland:The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Campbell, Colin. 1986. Managing the Presidency : Carter, Regan, and the Search for Executive Harmony. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania:The University of Pittsburgh Press.
Cayer, N. Joseph and Lee Sigelman.1980.“Minorities and Women in State and Local Government : 1973~1975.” Public Administration Review, 40(5):443~450.
Coase, R. H. 1937.“The Nature of the Firm.” Economica, 4(16):386~405.
Cohen, Jeffrey E. 1986.“On the Tenure of Appointive Political Executives : The American Cabinet, 1952~1984.”American Journal of Political Science, 30(3):507~516.
Cohen, Jeffery. 1988. The Politics of the U. S. Cabinet. Representation in the Exec- utive Branch 1789-1984. Pittsburgh:University of Pittsburgh Press.
Cole, Richard L. and David A. Caputo. 1979.“Presidential Control of the Senior civil Service:Assessing the Strategies of the Nixon Years.”The American Political Science Review, 73(2):399~413.
Corder, Kevin. 2003.“Structural Choice and Political Control of Bureaucracy : Updating Federal Credit Programs.”In Politics, Policy, and Organizations : Frontiers in the Scientific Study of Bureaucracy , eds. George A. Krause & Kenneth J. Meier. Ann Arbor:The University of Michigan Press.
Cronin, Thomas E. 1980. The State of the Presidency. Boston:Little, Brown and Company.
Denhardt, Robert B., and Linda Deleon. 1993.“Great thinkers in Personnel Management.”In Handbook of Public Personnel Management, ed. Jack Rabin, et al. New York:Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Dickinson, Matthew J. and Kathryn Dunn Tenpas. 2002.“Explaining Increasing Turnover Rates Among Presidential Advisers, 1929~1997.”The Journal of Politics, 64(2):434~448.
Downs, Antony. 1967. Inside Bureaucracy. Boston:Little, Brown.
Dolan, Julie. 2000.“Influencing Policy at the Top of the Federal Bureaucracy : A Comparison of Career and Political Senior Executives.”Public Administration Review, 60(6):573~581.
Dometrius, Nelson C. and Lee Sigelman.1984.“Assessing Progress toward Affirmative Action Goals in State and Local Government : A New Benchmark.” Public Administration Review, 44﹙3﹚:241~246.
Eisenstadt, S. N., and Louis Roniger. 1980. “Patron--Client Relations as a Model of Structuring Social Exchange.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 22(1):42~77.
Eisenhardt, Kathleen M. 1989.“Agency Theory : An Assessment and Review.” The Academy of Management Review, 14(1):57~74.
Escobar-Lemmon, Maria and Michelle M. Taylor-Robinson. 2005.“Women Ministers in Latin American Government : When, Where, and Why?” American Journal of Political Science, 49(4):829~844.
Fairlie, John A. 1913.“The President’s Cabinet.”The American Political Science Review, 7(1):28~44.
Fisher, Linda L. 1987. “Fifty Years of Presidential Appointments.”In The In-and-Outers:Presidential Appointees and Transient Government in Washington, eds. G. Calvin Mackenzie. Baltimore, Maryland:The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Frees, Edward W. 2004. Longitudinal and Panel Data : Analysis and Applications in the Social Sciences, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Greene, William H. 2003. Econometric Analysis, 5th ed, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Heclo, Hugh. 1977. A Government of Strangers : Executive Politics in Washington.Washington, D. C.:Brookings Institution Press.
Hess, Stephen. 2001.“First Impressions : Presidents, Appointments, and the Transition.” In Innocent Until Nominated : the Breakdown of the Presidential Appointments Process, eds. G Calvin Mackenzie,. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
Hess, Stephen. 2002. Organizing the Presidency. Washington, D. C.:Brookings Institution Press.
Hindera, John J. 1993.“Representative Bureaucracy : Further Evidence of Active Representation in the EEOC District Offices.”Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 3(4):415~429.
Hölmstrom, Bengt. 1979.“Moral Hazard and Observability.”The Bell Journal of Economics, 10(1):74~91.
Hsiao, Cheng. 1986. Analysis of panel data, Econometric Society Monographs, no. 11 Cambridge; New York and Sydney:Cambridge University Press.
Hsiao, Cheng. 2003. Analysis of Panel Data, Cambridge, U.K.;New York:Cambridge University Press.
Ingraham, Patricia W. 1987.“Building Bridges of Burning Them? The President, the Appointees, and Bureaucracy.”Public Administration Review, 47(5):425~435.
Ingraham, Patricia W., James R. Thompson, and Elliot F. Eisenberg. 1995.“Political Management Strategies and Political / Career Relationships : Where Are We Now in the Federal Government?”Public Administration Review, 55(3):263~272.
Kaufman, Robert R. 1974.“The Patron-Client Concept and Macro-Politics : Prospects and Problems.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 16(3):284~308.
Kellough, J. Edward. 1990. "Federal Agencies and Affirmative Action for Blacks and Women." Social Science Quarterly, 71:83~92.
Kettering, Sharon.1988.“The Historical Development of Political Clientelism.” The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 18(3):419~447.
Key, V. O. 1964. Politics, parties, & pressure groups. New York:Crowell Press.
Kingsley, J. Donald. 1944. Representative Bureaucracy. Yellow spring, OH:Antioch Press.
Kline, Harvey F. 1977. “Committee Membership Turnover in the Colombian National Congress, 1958~1974.” Legislative Studies Quarterly, 2(1):29~43.
Knott, Jack H. 1993.“Comparing Public and Private Management : Cooperative Effort and Principal-Agent Relationships.”Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 3(1):93~119.
Kotowitz, Y. 1987. Moral hazard. In The New Palgrave : Allocation, Information, and Markets. J. Eatwell, M. Milgate and P. Newman Eds. New York:Norton: 207~213.
Lamson, Peggy. 1979. In the Vanguard : Six American Women in Public Life. Boston:Houghton Mifflin Company.
Lemarchand, René.1972. “Political Clientelism and Ethnicity in Tropical Africa: Competing Solidarities in Nation-Building.” The American Political Science Review, 66(1):68~90.
Lemarchand, Rene., and Keith Legg.1972.“Political Clientelism and Development : A Preliminary Analysis.” Comparative Politics, 4(2):149~178.
Lewis, Gregory B. 1990. "In Search of the Machiavellian Milquetoasts : Comparing Attitudes of Bureaucrats and Ordinary People." Public Administration Review, 50:220~227.
Lewis, David E. 2005.“Presidents and the Politicization of the United States Federal Government,1988~2004.”Paper presented at the 2005annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington,DC.
Lewis, David E. 2007.“Testing Pendleton’s Premise:Do Political Appointees Make Worse Bureaucrats?”The Journal of Politics, 69(4):1073~1088.
Lewis, David E. 2008. The Politics of Presidential Appointments : Political Control and Bureaucratic Performance. New Jersey:Princeton University Press.
Lippman, Thomas W. 1997.“State Department Seeks Gains for Women : Albright is Stressing Rights Concerns in Foreign Policy Agenda.”The Washington Post, March 25, A-1.
Long, Norton E. 1949.“Power and Administration.”Public Administration Review, 9(4):257~264.
Mackenzie, G. Calvin. 1981. The Politics of Presidential Appointments, New York: The Free Press.
March, James, and Johan Olsen. 1989. Rediscovering Institutions : The Organizational Basis of Politics. New York:Free Press.
Marshall,John M. 1976.“Moral Hazard.” The American Economic Review, 66(5):880~890.
Martin, Daniel W. 1988.“The Fading Legacy of Woodrow Wilson.”Public Administration Review, 48(2):631~636.
Martin, Janet M. 1989.“The Recruitment of Women to Cabinet and Subcabinet Posts.”The Western Political Quarterly, 42(1):161~172.
Martin, Janet M. 1991.“An Examination of Executive Branch Appointments in the Reagan Administration by Background and Gender.”The Western Political Quarterly, 44(1):173~184.
Meier, Kenneth J. 1975.“Representative Bureaucracy : An Empirical Analysis.”American Political Science Review, 69(2):526~542.
Meier, Kenneth J., Robert D. Wrinkle, and J. L. Polinard. 1999.“Representative Bureaucracy and Distributional Equity : Addressing the Hard Question.”The Journal of Politics, 61(4):1025~1039.
Mitnick, Barry M. 1975.“The Theory of Agency : The Policing "Paradox" and Regulatory Behavior.” Public Choice, 24:27~42.
Mitnick, Barry M. 2006. “Origin of the Theory of Agency : An Account by One of the Theory’s Originators” http://www.pitt.edu/~mitnick/agencytheory/agencytheoryoriginrev11806r.htm
Mladenka, Kenneth R. 1989.“Blacks and Hispanics in Urban Politics.”The American Political Science Review, 83(1):165~191.
Moe, Terry M. 1984.“The New Economics of Organization.”American Journal of Political Science, 28(4):739~777.
Moe, Terry M. 1985.“Chapter Nine:The Politicized Presidency.”In The New Direction in American Politics. John E. Chubb and Paul E. Peterson Eds. Washington, D. C. The Brookings Institution.
Moe, Terry M. 2002.“Political Control and the Power of the Agent.”Paper presented at the conference for Controlling the Bureaucracy, February, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas.
Moe, Terry M. 2003. “The Presidency and the Bureaucracy : The Presidential Advantage.” In The Presidency and The Political System, seven edition, eds. Michael Nelson,. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.
Moe, Terry M. 2005. “Political Control and the Power of the Agent.”The journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 22(1):1~29.
Moncrief, Gary F. 1998. “Terminating the Provincial Career:Retirement and Electoral Defeat in Canadian Provincial Legislatures, 1960~1997.”Canadian Journal of political Science, 31(2):359~372.
Moncrief, Gary F, Richard G. Niemi. and Lynda W. Powell. 2004. “Time, Term Limits, and Turnover : Trends in Membership Stability in U.S. State Legislatures.”Legislative Studies Quarterly, 29(3):357~381.
Nachmias, David. and David H. Rosenbloom. 1977.“Antecedents of Public Bureaucracy : The Case of Israel.”Administration & Society, 9(1):45~80.
Naff, Katherine C. 1994. Through the Glass Ceiling:Prospects for the Advancement of Women in the Federal Government. Public Administration Review, 54(6): 507~514.
Naff, Katherine C. and John Crum. 2000.“The President and Representative Bureaucracy : Rhetoric and Reality.” Public Administration Review, 60(2):98~110.
Nathan, Richard P. 1975. The Plot That Failed : Nixon and the Administrative Presidency. New York:Wiley.
North, Douglass C. 1990. Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. Cambridge,UK: Cambridge University Press.
Palmer, Harvey D. and Ronald J. Vogel. 1995.“Political Opportunity for Federal Appointment : The Case of Departing Members of the U.S. House of Representatives, 1961~1992” The Journal of Politics, 57(3):677~695.
Pfiffner, James P. 1987a. “Strangers in a Strange Land : Orienting New Presidential Appointees.”In The In-and-Outers : Presidential Appointees and Transient Government in Washington, eds. G. Calvin Mackenzie. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Pfiffner, James P. 1987b. “Political Appointees and Career Executives : The Democracy-Bureaucracy Nexus in the Third Century.”Public Administration Review, 47(1):57~65.
Pfiffner, James P. 1990.“ Establishing the Bush Presidency.”Public Administration Review, 50(1):64~73.
Pfiffner, James P. 2003.“President George W. Bush and His War Cabinet.” Paper presented at the conference on The Presidency, Congress, and the War on Terrorism , February 7, University of Florida.
Polsby, Nelson W. 1978.“Presidential Cabinet Making : Lessons for the Political System.”Political Science Quarterly, 93(1):15~25.
Postlewaite, A. 1987. Asymmetric Information. In The New Palgrave : Allocation, Information, and Markets. J. Eatwell, M. Milgate and P. Newman Eds. New York:Norton:35~39.
Powell, John Duncan. 1970.“Peasant Society and Clientelist Politics.”The American Political Science Review, 64(2):411~425.
Rector, Robert and Michael Sanera, 1987. Steering the Elephant : How Washington Works. New York Universe Books.
Rehfuss, John A. 1986.“A Representative Bureaucracy? Women and Minority Executives in California Career Service.”Public Administration Review, 46(5):454~460.
Rosenbloom, David H. and Jeannette C. Featherstonhaugh. 1977. "Passive and Active Representation in the Federal Service : A Comparison of Blacks and Whites." Social Science Quarterly, 57:873~882.
Ross,Stephen A. 1973.“The Economic Theory of Agency : The Principal’s Problem.” The American Economic Review, 63(2):134~139.
Rourke, Francis E. 1978. Bureaucratic Power in National Politics. 3rd ed. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company.
Salisbury, Robert H. and Kenneth A. Shepsle. 1981.“Congressional Staff Turnover and the Ties-That-Bind.”The American Political Science Review, 75(2):381~396.
Saltzstein, Grace Hall. 1986.“Female Mayors and Women in Municipal Jobs.”American Journal of Political Science, 30(1):140~164.
Schroeder, Patricia, and Olympia Snowe. 1994.“The Politics of Women’s Health.”In the American Woman : 1994~95, eds. Cynthia Costello and Anne J. Stone. New York:W.W. Norton & Company.
Scott, James C. 1972.“Patron-Client Politics and Political Change in Southeast Asia.”The American Political Science Review, 66(1):91~113.
Selden, Sally Coleman., Jeffrey L. Brudney., and J. Edward Kellough. 1998.“Bureaucracy as a Representative Institution : Toward a Reconciliation of Bureaucratic Government and Democratic Theory.”American Journal of Political Science, 42(3):717~744.
Shapiro, Susan P. 2005.“Agency Theory.”Annual Review of Sociology, 31:263~284.
Shin, Kwang S. and John S. Jackson, Ⅲ. 1979. “Membership Turnover in U.S. State Legislatures : 1931~1976.”Legislative Studies Quarterly, 4(1):95~104.
Sowa,Jessica E.,and Sally Coleman Selden. 2003.“Administrative Discretion and Active Representation : An Expansion of the Theory of Representative Bureaucracy.” Public Administration Review, 63(6):700~710.
Stein, Lana. 1986.“Representative Local Government : Minorities in the Municipal Work Force.” The Journal of Politics, 48(3):694~713.
Stiglitz, Joseph. 1987. Principal and Agent. In The New Palgrave : Allocation, Information, and Markets. J. Eatwell, M. Milgate and P. Newman Eds. New York:Norton:241~253.
Stillman, R. J., 1987. The American Bureaucracy. Chicago:Nelson-Hall.
Subramaniam, V. 1967.“Representative Bureaucracy : A Reassessment.”The American Political Science Review, 61(4):1010~1019.
Svara, James H. 1985. “Dichotomy and Duality : Reconceptualizing the Relationship between Policy and Administration in Council-Manager Cities.” Public Administration Review, 45(1):221~232.
Svara, James H. 1998. “The Politics-Administration Dichotomy Model as Aberration.” Public Administration Review, 58(1):51~58.
Svara, James H. 1999. “The Shifting Boundary between Elected Officials and City Managers in Large Council-Manager Cities.” Public Administration Review, 59(1):44~53.
Svara, James H. 2001. “The Myth of the Dichotomy : Complementarity of Politics and Administration in the Past and Future of Public Administration.” Public Administration Review, 61(2):176~183.
Tashakkori, Abbs and Charles Teddlie. 1998. Mixed Methodology : Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Thousand Qaks, Calif.:Sage Publications.
Theodore C. Sorenson. 1963. Decision-Making in the White House : The Olive Branch of the Arrows, New York, Columbia University Press.
Thielemann, Gregory S., and Joseph Stewart, Jr. 1996.“A Demand-Side Perspective on the Importance of Representative Bureaucracy : AIDS, Ethnicity, Gender, and Sexual Orientation.”Public Administration Review, 56(2):168~173.
Thompson, Frank J. 1978. “Civil Servants and the Deprived : Socio-political and Occupational Explanations of Attitudes Toward Minority Hiring.” American Journal of Political Science, 22(2):325~347.
Waldo, Dwight. 1952. “Development of Theory of Democratic Administration.” The American Political Science Review, 46(1):81~103.
Wang, Chin-Shou. 2004. Democratization and The Breakdown of Clientelism in Taiwan, 1987~2001. Ph.D. dissertation. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Waterman, Richard W., and Kenneth J. Meier. 1998.“Principal-Agent Models : An Expansion?”Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 8(2):173~202.
Weingrod, Alex. 1968. “Patrons, Patronage, and Political Parties.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 10(4):377~400.
Weisberg, Herbert F. 1987.“Cabinet Transfers and Departmental Prestige : Someone Old, Someone New, Someone Borrowed.”American Politics Quarterly, 15(2):238~253.
Whitford, Andrew B. 2005.“The Pursuit of Political control by Multiple Principals.”The Journal of Politics, 67(1):29~49.
Wilson, Woodrow. 1887.“The Study of Administration.”Political Science Quarterly, 2(2):197~222.
Wilson, Woodrow. 1941.“The Study of Administration.”Political Science Quarterly, 56(4):481~506.
Wilson, Charles. 1987. Adverse Selection. In The New Palgrave : Allocation, Information, and Markets. J. Eatwell, M. Milgate and P. Newman Eds. New York:Norton:31~34.
Williamson, Oliver E. 2000.“The New Institutional Economics : Taking Stock, Looking Ahead.”Journal of Economic Literature, 38(3):595~613.
Wood, B. Dan. 1988. “Principals, Bureaucrats, and Responsiveness in Clean Air Enforcements.”The American Political Science Review, 82(1):213~234.
Wood, B. Dan and Brian Cook. 1989. “Principal-Agent Models of Political Control of Bureaucracy.” The American Political Science Review, 83(3):965~978.
Wood, B. Dan and Richard W. Waterman. 1991. “The Dynamics of Political Control of the Bureaucracy.” The American Political Science Review, 85(3):801~828.
Wood, B. Dan and John Bohte. 2004.“Political Transaction Costs and the Politics of Administrative Design.”The Journal of Politics, 66(1):176~202.
Wu, Nai-Teh. 1987. The Politics of A Regime Patronage System : Mobilization and Control Within an Authoritarian Regime. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Chicago.
Yaffee, Robert. 2003.“A Primer for Panel Data Analysis.”Social Sciences, Statistics & Mapping. Produced by New York University : Information Technology Services.﹙http://www.nyu.edu/its/pubs/connect/fall03/pdfs/yaffee_primer.pdf﹚