Links among Fluency, Accuracy, and FL Speech Performance: The Issue of Planning Time_

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題名：	Links among Fluency, Accuracy, and FL Speech Performance: The Issue of Planning Time
書刊名：	英語語言與文學學刊
作者：	尚惠芳
作者(外文)：	Shang, Hui-fang
出版日期：	2007
卷期：	19
頁次：	頁37-48
主題關鍵詞：	準備時間；流暢度；正確度；英語口語表達能力；Planning time；Fluency；Accuracy；FL speech performance
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:31

本論文根據過去的文獻，探討準備時間的長短，與第二外語（英語）的口語表達能力之關係。根據研究者之觀察，不論給予多少時間準備，臺灣學生似乎無法增進其口語之正確度(speech accuracy)；然而，口語之流暢度(speech fluency)，似乎與準備時間的長短成正比。因此本論文以64位臺灣大一英語系學生為測試對象，探討對不同程度的學生而言，不同的事前準備時間（0、2、8分鐘），在口語之正確度與流暢度方面，有何交互的影響。根據本研究顯示，口語之流暢度會隨著準備時間的增長而有明顯的進步，但整體的口語表現，並不會因準備時間的長短成正比。此外，英語程度較高者在口語流暢度上明顯優於程度較低者，但在正確度的表現並不然。根據本研究成果，將可提供英語教師如何有效地掌控事前準備的時間，以提升學生的口語能力，達到事半功倍的成效。

以文找文

This study was designed to investigate issues that arose from previous research findings on the effects of planning time on foreign language (FL) speech performance. According to the researcher's observations, learners in Taiwan cannot improve their speech accuracy in English due to the different grammatical structures of the two languages, no matter how much time is given for preparation; however, speech fluency should increase as a function of planning time. In this study, therefore, a systematic investigation of the influence of different amounts of planning time 2 minutes and 8 minutes (4 times 2 minutes), as well as no planning time, was examined to investigate 64 freshmen majoring in English at one university in Taiwan on the variables of fluency and accuracy. Results show that students' fluency of speech increases as a function of planning time. Speech accuracy changes depending on planning conditions, but the amount of improvement does not increase with the amount of planning time. More planning time, however, does not result in improved overall performance. The high group significantly outperformed the low group on fluency, but not on accuracy. The relationship among these two measures are investigated and discussed to enable English teachers to make use of less preparation time to achieve the greatest effect in enhancing FL students' speech performance.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Bardov-Harlig, K.、Bofman, T.(1989)。Attainment of syntactic and morphological accuracy by advanced language learners。Studies in Second Language Acquisition，11(1)，17-34。
2.	Lennon, Paul(1990)。Investigating fluency in EFL: A quantitative approach。Language Learning，40(3)，387-417。
3.	Mehnert, U.(1998)。The effects of different lengths of time for planning on second language performance。Studies in Second Language Acquisition，20(1)，83-106。
4.	Ellis, R.(1987)。Interlanguage variability in narrative discourse: Style shifting in the use of past tense。Studies in Second Language Acquisition，9(1)，1-20。
5.	Sheen, R.(1994)。A critical analysis of the advocacy of a task-based syllabus。TESOL Quarterly，28(1)，127-151。
6.	Wigglesworth, J.(1997)。An investigation of planning time and proficiency level on oral test drscourse。Language Testing，14(1)，85-106。
7.	Skehan, Peter、Foster, Pauline(1999)。The influence of task structure and processing conditions on narrative retellings。Language Learning，49(1)，93-120。
8.	Ortega, L.(1999)。Planning and focus on form in L2 oral performance。Studies in Second Language Acquisition，21(1)，109-148。
9.	Crookes, G.(1989)。Planning and interlanguage variation。Studies in Second Language Acquisition，11(4)，183-199。
10.	Foster, Pauline、Skehan, Peter(1996)。The influence of planning and task type on second language performance。Studies in Second Language Acquisition，18(3)，299-323。
11.	Long, M.(1989)。Task, group, and task-group interactions。University of Hawaii Working Papers in ESL，8(2)，1-26。
12.	Skehan, P.(1996)。A framework for the implementation of task-based instruction。Applied Linguistics，17(1)，38-62。
13.	Nunan, David(1991)。Communicative Tasks and the Language Curriculum。TESOL Quarterly，25(2)，279-295。
14.	Long, Michael H.、Crookes, Graham V.(1992)。Three approaches to task-based syllabus design。TESOL Quarterly，26(1)，27-56。

圖書
1.	Scott, Mike(1996)。Wordsmith Tools。Oxford：Oxford University Press。
2.	Crookes, G.、Gass, S. M.(1993)。Tasks and second language learning: Integrating theory and practice。Clevedon, Avon：Multilingual Matters。
3.	Linacre, J. M.(1992)。A user's guide to Facets。Chicago, IL：Mesa Press。
4.	Skehan, Peter(1998)。A cognitive approach to language learning。Oxford University Press。

圖書論文
1.	Candlin, C.(1987)。Towards task-based language learning。Language learning tasks。Englewood Cliffs, NJ：Prentice-Hall。
2.	Towell, R.(1987)。Approaches to the analysis of the oral language development of the advanced language learner。The advanced language learner。London：CILTR。

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