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題名:戰時在臺日本人戲劇家與臺灣戲劇--以松居桃樓為例
書刊名:戲劇學刊
作者:邱坤良 引用關係
作者(外文):Chiu, Kun-liang
出版日期:2010
卷期:12
頁次:頁7-33
主題關鍵詞:松居桃樓松居松葉赤道臺灣演劇協會大東亞戲劇Matsui ToruMatsui ShoyoThe equatorTaiwan drama associationGreater East Asia theatre
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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一九三○年代隨著日本軍國主義興起,以及中日戰爭的爆發,台灣殖民地政府積極推行皇民化運動,傳統戲曲與祭典活動被嚴格禁止,只有新劇、改良劇披著皇民化劇的外衣得以存在。為因應戰時戲劇政策以及皇民化目標,在台日本戲劇家地位逐漸重要。 對當時的新劇運動人士而言,戲劇的變革,相對思想管制微不足道,甚至是理所當然。因為一部台灣新劇演出史,日本經驗早已成為台灣戲劇傳統的一部分。全台灣都市、鄉鎮一百多個戲院提供五十個新劇團巡迴演出,多數農漁村毫無娛樂可言,而多數劇團演員未受過教育,不能說國語(日語),卻要演出國語(日語)劇,其中一大半的劇團又由歌仔戲團改頭換面。 農村大眾缺乏娛樂,而職業演員教育程度不足,演出水準不高的情形下,為了健全娛樂,通曉日語的各行各業、年輕人組成含有「素人演劇」性質的青年劇運動應運而生,在各地巡迴展開,被視為戰時新興文化力量。然而,這些青年劇的演出內容如何,演員訓練以及舞台排演,能否落實,有無戲劇專家指導,卻是一大問題,甚至有可能被批評為阻撓食糧生產、紊亂風紀。前述戲劇政策要推動並不容易,尤其皇民化運動期間,從日本本土到殖民地,軍國主義凌駕一切,戲劇淪為戰爭工具,舞台不過是模擬戰場。 戰時的台灣仍然到處演新劇,但與戰前最大不同,在於以前的新劇運動人士反對傳統戲劇與祭典,傳統戲劇與祭典並未被禁,更未消失,戰時「禁鼓樂」,只演新劇,戲劇生態已完全改變。打著皇民化劇的劇團,空有新劇的形式,而缺乏新劇內容與精神。 當時參與台灣戲劇活動的日本人,關懷台灣,同情被殖民者,也是站在日本立場,希望提升台灣戲劇水準,使它能在日本帝國扮演重要角色。他們期盼的台灣戲劇,是能以國語演出,符合日本精神的新戲劇。 松居桃樓(1910-1994)是當年少數具有劇場實務經驗,又有戲劇專著的在台日本人戲劇家之一。他實際負責台灣演劇協會,與戰時的台灣戲劇界有最直接的接觸,從他身上,或許可觀察出當時戲劇人在激烈戰火底下所能扮演的角色。然而,有關他的生平事蹟卻隱晦不彰,研究戲劇史的學者都對他極為陌生。 以「結果論」檢視,由日本人戲劇家主導的戰時台灣戲劇活動,其劇場能量軟弱無比。其中有現實的因素,也有歷史的嘲弄,使得這場由日本官方主導,疾風暴雨似的戲劇運動,短短幾年之間煙消霧散。本論文就是藉由松居桃樓的研究,探討戰時台灣戲劇生態,以及在台日本人戲劇家所扮演的戲劇角色。
In the 1930s, with the rise of militarism in Japan and the outbreak of the war between China and Japan, traditional Taiwanese drama and rituals were strictly prohibited under the Taiwanese colonial government's Japanization (Kominga) movement. During this time, the government only permitted Xinju (new drama) and reformed drama within Japanization context. Thus, on the basis of the drama policy and the goal of Japanization during wartime, the role of Japanese intellectuals and dramatists became significant after the war burst out. For people involved in Xinju movement, the revolution of drama was of little importance in comparison to thought control. They even took such changes for granted because Japanization had become a part in the history of Taiwanese Xinju. At the time, Japanese dramatists in Taiwan had to face a poor theatre environment and inadequate structure of performance. There were only more than a hundred theatres for fifty Xinju troupes to perform in, in addition to the fact that most Taiwanese villages still lacked entertainment in their daily life. Also, most troupes were transformed from Taiwan traditional opera so that most actors were uneducated, could not speak Japanese, but had to perform in the official language--Japanese. Due to the impoverished condition, young generation from all walks of life with spoken Japanese abilities started to organize youth drama groups to improve the quality of entertainment. Though they hadn't been trained professionally, they were seen as a fresh cultural force in the wartime and quickly flourished throughout Taiwan. However, practical problems, such as creating the script, training of actors, stage rehearsal and lack of instruction from professional dramatists needed to be solved. Under the Japanization movement, as militarism was pervading through Japan and its colonies, drama was but a tool for war advocacy and was easily criticized as nonproductive and disruptive to the society. The difference between Xinju before the war and during the war was that traditional drama and ritual were prohibited by the colonial government prior to the war. Due to the absence of traditional elements, Xinju kept the form but lost the context and spirit under the Japanization movement. In other words, the look of drama had totally changed. The new drama that the Japanese involved in Taiwan drama activity looked for was played in Japanese and of Japanese spirit. These Japanese in Taiwan took compassion on the colonized and expected to improve the level of Taiwan drama to achieve an important status in the Japanese empire. Matsui Toru (1910-1994) was one of a few Japanese dramatists at that time with practical theatre experience and drama publication. He actively led the Taiwan Drama Association which directly influenced the public Taiwan theatre sector. From the example of Matsui, we could probably observe the role of theatre workers during the wartime. However, little of his life and history is available for drama history scholars to study. It may be asserted that Taiwan drama movement led by Japanese dramatists was never a strong force; nor did it leave much to the theatre. Due to practical and historical reasons, the stormy drama movement led by the Japanese official government soon fell apart in only a few short years. In this paper, I would like to research the influence of Matsui Toru and discuss the aspects of Taiwan theatre during the war, as a way of understanding the role of Japanese dramatists in Taiwan.
期刊論文
1.松居桃樓(19420710)。臺灣演劇論。臺灣時報,271,66-72。  延伸查詢new window
2.王育德、葉笛、松尾直太(1941)。臺灣演劇的今昔。翔風,22。  延伸查詢new window
3.松居桃樓(1942)。臺灣演劇私觀。臺灣文學,2(4),142-153。  延伸查詢new window
4.張文環(1965)。難忘當年事。台灣文藝,2(9),50-57。  延伸查詢new window
5.中村哲、竹村猛、松居桃樓(19420711)。文學鼎談(座談會)。臺灣文學,2(3),107-108。  延伸查詢new window
6.志馬陸平(1941)。時局下臺灣の娯樂界。臺灣時報,83,79-83。  延伸查詢new window
7.志馬陸平(1942)。演劇の心。臺灣公論,7(3),138-152。  延伸查詢new window
8.志馬陸平(19420201)。演劇時評。臺灣文學,2(1)。  延伸查詢new window
9.松居桃樓(1942)。祭典と演劇。臺灣公論。  延伸查詢new window
10.松居桃樓(1942)。演劇と衛生。文藝臺灣,4(5)。  延伸查詢new window
11.楊雲萍(1942)。臺灣文藝界この一年。臺灣時報,276。  延伸查詢new window
12.瀧田貞治(1942)。最近觀た時局劇所感。民俗臺灣,2(3)。  延伸查詢new window
13.瀧田貞治(1943)。演劇對談--厚生劇團公演瑣評。臺灣文學,4(1)。  延伸查詢new window
14.演劇通信。演劇通信。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.石婉舜(2002)。一九四三年臺灣「厚生演劇研究會」研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.鳳氣至純平(2005)。中山侑研究--分析他的「灣生」身分及其文化活動(碩士論文)。國立成功大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.倉林誠一郎(1969)。新劇年代記(戰前編)。東京:白水社。  延伸查詢new window
2.中島利郎、河原功、下村作次郎(2001)。日本統治期臺灣文學文藝評論集。東京:綠蔭書房。  延伸查詢new window
3.濱田秀三郎(1943)。台湾演劇の現状。東京:丹青書房。  延伸查詢new window
4.甘文芳、黃英哲、王惠珍、涂翠花、三澤真美惠(2006)。日治時期臺灣文藝評論集:雜誌篇。臺南:國家臺灣文學館籌備處。  延伸查詢new window
5.邱坤良(1992)。日治時期台灣戲劇之研究(1895-1945)。臺北:自立晚報出版部。  延伸查詢new window
6.王櫻芬(20080000)。聽見殖民地:黑澤隆朝與戰時臺灣音樂調查(1943)。臺北:臺灣大學圖書館。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.大笹吉雄(1994)。日本現代演劇史:昭和戰中篇II。日本現代演劇史:昭和戰中篇II。東京。  延伸查詢new window
8.中島利郎(200503)。日本統治期台湾文学小事典。日本統治期台湾文学小事典。日本東京:綠蔭書房。  延伸查詢new window
9.福田宏子(1971)。松居松葉。近代文學研究叢書(第三十四卷)。東京。  延伸查詢new window
10.中島利郎(2004)。日本統治期台湾文学硏究序說。日本統治期台湾文学硏究序說。東京。  延伸查詢new window
11.中島利郎、河原功、下村作次郎(2001)。日本統治期台湾文学文芸評論集(第一卷)。日本統治期台湾文学文芸評論集(第一卷)。東京。  延伸查詢new window
12.中島利郎、河原功、下村作次郎(2001)。日本統治期台湾文学文芸評論集。緑蔭書房。  延伸查詢new window
13.中島利郎、河原功、下村作次郎(2001)。日本統治期臺灣文學文芸評論集(第三卷)。日本統治期臺灣文學文芸評論集(第三卷)。東京。  延伸查詢new window
14.中島利郎、河原功、下村作次郎(2001)。日本統治期台湾文学文芸評論集(5)。日本統治期台湾文学文芸評論集(5)。東京。  延伸查詢new window
15.中島利郎、河原功(2003)。台湾戯曲‧脚本集(1)。台湾戯曲‧脚本集(1)。東京。  延伸查詢new window
16.中島利郎、河原功(2003)。台湾戯曲‧脚本集(2)。台湾戯曲‧脚本集(2)。東京。  延伸查詢new window
17.中島利郎、河原功(2003)。台湾戯曲‧脚本集(3)。台湾戯曲‧脚本集(3)。東京。  延伸查詢new window
18.中島利郎、河原功(2003)。台湾戯曲‧脚本集(4)。台湾戯曲‧脚本集(4)。東京。  延伸查詢new window
19.中島利郎、河原功(2003)。台湾戯曲‧脚本集(5)。台湾戯曲‧脚本集(5)。東京。  延伸查詢new window
20.吉村敏(1944)。青年演劇腳本集。皇民奉公會臺北州支部藝能指導部。  延伸查詢new window
21.赤澤史朗、北河賢三(1993)。文化とファシズム : 戦時期日本における文化の光芒。東京:日本経済評論社。  延伸查詢new window
22.松居桃樓(1953)。蟻の街の奇蹟:バタヤ部落の生活記錄。蟻の街の奇蹟:バタヤ部落の生活記錄。東京。  延伸查詢new window
23.松居桃樓(1963)。アリの町のマリア北原怜子。アリの町のマリア北原怜子。東京。  延伸查詢new window
24.松居桃樓(1966)。死に勝つまでの三十日:小止観物語。死に勝つまでの三十日:小止観物語。東京。  延伸查詢new window
25.倉林誠一郎(1969)。新劇年代記(戰中編)。新劇年代記(戰中編)。東京。  延伸查詢new window
26.渡邊一民(1982)。岸田国士論。岸田国士論。東京。  延伸查詢new window
27.藤井省三、黃英哲、垂水千惠(2002)。臺灣の「大東亞戰爭」:文学‧メディア‧文化。東京:東京大學出版會。  延伸查詢new window
28.中島利郎、河原功(2003)。日本統治期台湾文學集成。日本統治期台湾文學集成。東京。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.竹內治(19430726)。稽古の跡を顧る,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
2.松居桃樓(19430329)。青年と演劇,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
3.松居桃樓(1943)。《赤道》を觀る方へ─「藝文」第一回の公演に當りて,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
4.神川清(1943)。演出陣の力、演技員の熱,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
5.張文環(1939)。臺灣の演劇問題に就いて(上),臺北。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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