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題名：A Critique on Discourse and Research Regarding Inclusive Education: Taiwan as a Case Example
書刊名：特教論壇
作者：吳啟誠
作者(外文)：Wu, Chi-cheng
出版日期：2013
卷期：15
頁次：頁20-32
主題關鍵詞：批判理論；融合教育；臺灣；Critical theory；Inclusive education；Taiwan
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:140
  • 點閱點閱:66
本篇文章以批判理論為基礎檢視台灣融合教育相關之論述與研究。筆者主張目前國內特殊教育之法律與政策的論述以缺陷觀點為核心，教育目的則以補償學生缺陷為目標，在此情況下發展出部分或完全隔離的教育措施也就理所當然。再者，國內傾向將融合教育窄化為一種針對特殊學生的安置形式並視最少限制環境為安置準則，雖然使得許多特殊學生被安置在普通班級，但是卻也造成國內誤將最少限制環視為融合教育的具體實踐。事實上，卻使得融合教育〈確切的說是安置在普通班〉變成部分特殊學生的特權而非權力。此外，雖然國內融合教育的研究取向逐漸呈現多元的面貌，但是政府的政策卻將實證主義奉為圭臬。這可能造成教育決策以效果或效率為導向，遺漏教育合理性與公平性的辯證，忽略知識生產與應用過程中政治與權力的角色。有鑑於此，筆者主張以「所有人的教育」的概念出發重新詮釋融合教育的內涵，並將批判理論導入融合教育相關的研究以進一步落實融合教育。
Based on critical theory, this paper reviews the discourse and the research approach concerning the education of students with disabilities in Taiwan. Three main obstacles that might inhibit the development of inclusive education are indentified. Firstly, relevant legislation and policy in Taiwan are dominated by the deficit discourse; different forms of exclusionary artefacts are formulated in order to compensate students' defects. Secondly, inclusive education is often reduced to a placement strategy, and least restrict environmental (LRE) is applied to determine an educational placement for students with disabilities. As such, excluding some students with disabilities to special classes or out to special schools is deemed appropriate. This might suppress the reflections upon the exclusionary practice. Thirdly, the governmental affirmation for valuing positivism as a superior research methodology might further limit the development of inclusive education. The (potential) contributions alternative methodologies could make in enhancing inclusive practice might be overlooked. In overcoming these difficulties, I am arguing for using inclusive education as a discourse to reflect and reconstruct educational practice in a more inclusive way; and embrace the multiplicity of research methodologies in discussing inclusive education.
期刊論文
1.林穎昭(201006)。臺北市高中職普通班教師對融合教育態度之調查研究。中等教育，61(2)，46-67。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.吳啟誠、張俊紳(20121200)。解放研究：障礙研究主導權之轉移。特教論壇，13，66-77。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Ainscow, M.、Sandill, A.(2010)。Developing inclusive education systems: the role of organisational cultures and leadership。International Journal of Inclusive Education，14(4)，401-416。  new window
4.Ainscow, M.、Booth, T.、Dyson A.(2006)。Inclusion and the standards agenda: negotiating policy pressures in England。International Journal Of Inclusive Education，10(4-5)，295-308。  new window
5.Allan, J.(2003)。Productive pedagogy and the challenge of inclusion。British of Journal of Special Education，30(4)，175-190。  new window
6.Deppeler, J.、Harvey, D.(2004)。Validating the British Index for Inclusion for the Australia context: stage one。Inclusive Education，8(2)，155-184。  new window
7.Gallagher, D. J.(2001)。Neutrality as a Moral Standpoint, Conceptual Confusion and the Full Inclusion Debate。Disability & Society，16(5)，637-654。  new window
8.Hsieh, C. N.(2010)。Toward Segregation or Inclusion? A Discussion on the Inclusion of Resource Room Program in Junior High Schools and Special Class in Vocational High Schools。Special Education Quarterly，115，31-36。  new window
9.Hsieh, W. Y.、Hsieh, C.M.、Ostrosky, M.、Michaelene, J.(2012)。Taiwanese first-grade teachers' perceptions of inclusive education。International Journal of Inclusive Education，16(1)，71-88。  new window
10.Kauffman, J. M.(1999)。Commentary: Today’s special education and its message for tomorrow。Journal of Special Education，32(4)，244-254。  new window
11.Kauffman, J. M.(2003)。Reflections on the Field。Education and Treatment of Children，26(4)，325-329。  new window
12.Lin, P. H.(2007)。The Problems of a Regular School Implementing Inclusive Education: From a Resource Classroom Teacher’s Perspective。Special Education Quarterly，104，28-33。  new window
13.Skidmore, D.(1999)。Divergent Discourses of Learning Difficulty。British Educational Research Journal，25(5)，651-663。  new window
14.Slee, R.(2001)。Social justice and the changing directions in educational research: the case of inclusive education。International Journal of Inclusive Education，5(2-3)，167-177。  new window
15.Visser, J.、Stokes, S.(2003)。Is education ready for the inclusion of pupils with emotional and behavioural difficulties: a rights perspective?。Educational Review，55(1)，65-75。  new window
16.Zarb, G.(1992)。On the Road to Damascus: first steps towards changing the relations of disability research production。Disability, Handicap & Society，7(2)，125-138。  new window
17.Barnes, C.(2003)。What a difference a decade makes: reflections on doing "emancipatory" disability research。Disability and Society，18(1)，3-17。  new window
18.鄒啟蓉(20040900)。建構接納與支持的班級文化：學前融合班教師促進普通與發展遲緩幼兒互動及人際關係之研究。特殊教育研究學刊，27，19-38。new window  延伸查詢new window
19.Gallagher, D.、Danforth, S.(2006)。If not absolute objectivity, then what? A reply to Kauffman and Sasso。Exceptionality，14(2)，91-107。  new window
20.Sasso, G. M.(2001)。The retreat from inquiry and knowledge in special education。The Journal of Special Education，34(4)，178-193。  new window
21.蘇燕華、王天苗(20030300)。融合教育的理想與挑戰--國小普通班教師的經驗。特殊教育研究學刊，24，39-62。new window  延伸查詢new window
22.王天苗、黃俊榮(20110600)。國內身心障礙教育概況之指標項目分析。教育實踐與研究，24(1)，107-134。new window  延伸查詢new window
23.邱上真(20010700)。普通班教師對特殊需求學生之因應措施、所面對之困境以及所需之支持系統。特殊教育研究學刊，21，1-26。new window  延伸查詢new window
24.王天苗(20030900)。學前融合教育實施的問題和對策--以臺北市國小附幼為例。特殊教育研究學刊，25，1-25。new window  延伸查詢new window
25.Kauffman, James M、Lloyd, John Wills、Baker, John、Riedel, Teresa M.(1995)。Inclusion of All Students with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders? Let's Think Again。Phi Delta Kappan，76(7)，542-546。  new window
26.Skrtic, T. M.、Sailor, W.(1996)。School-linked services integration: Crisis and opportunity in the transition to postmodern society。Remedial and Special Education，17(5)，271-283。  new window
27.Barton, L(2005)。Emancipatory research and disabled people: Some observations and questions。Educational Review，57(3)，317-327。  new window
28.Oliver, M.(1992)。Changing social relations of research production。Disability, Handicap and Society，7(2)，101–114。  new window
29.Stevenson, M.(2010)。Flexible and Responsive Research: Developing Rights-Based Emancipatory Disability Research Methodology in Collaboration with Young Adults with Down Syndrome。Australian Social Work，63(1)，35-50。  new window
30.Walmsley, J(2001)。Normalisation, emancipatory research and inclusive research in learning disability。Disability and Society，16，187–205。  new window
研究報告
1.教育部特殊教育工作小組(2011)。100年度特殊教育統計年報。臺北市：教育部。  延伸查詢new window
2.教育部特殊教育工作小組(2010)。99年度特殊教育統計年報。臺北：教育部。  延伸查詢new window
3.教育部特殊教育工作小組(2009)。98年度特殊教育統計年報。臺北：教育部。  延伸查詢new window
4.教育部特殊教育工作小組(2007)。96年度特殊教育統計年報。臺北：教育部。  延伸查詢new window
5.教育部特教工作小組(2005)。94年度特殊教育統計年報。臺北：教育部。  延伸查詢new window
6.教育部特殊教育工作小組(2003)。92年度特殊教育統計年報。臺北：教育部。  延伸查詢new window
7.教育部特殊教育工作小組(2000)。89年度特殊教育統計年報。臺北：教育部。  延伸查詢new window
8.教育部特殊教育工作小組(2001)。90年度特殊教育統計年報。臺北：教育部。  延伸查詢new window
9.教育部特殊教育工作小組(2002)。91年度特殊教育統計年報。臺北：教育部。  延伸查詢new window
10.教育部特殊教育工作小組(2004)。93年度特殊教育統計年報。臺北：教育部。  延伸查詢new window
11.教育部特殊教育工作小組(2006)。95年度特殊教育統計年報。臺北：教育部。  延伸查詢new window
12.教育部特殊教育工作小組(2012)。101年度特殊教育統計年報。臺北：教育部。  延伸查詢new window
13.教育部特殊教育工作小組(2013)。102年度特殊教育統計年報。臺北：教育部。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.教育部(2008)。特殊教育報告發展書。台北：教育部。  延伸查詢new window
2.Allan, J.、Slee, R.(2008)。Doing Disability Research。Disability and the Politics of Education: An International Reader。Cambridge：Polity Press。  new window
3.Barton,L.、Armstrong, F.(2007)。Policy, Experience and Change and the Challenge of Inclusive Education: The Case of England。Policy, Experience and Change: Cross Cultural Reflections on Inclusive Education。The Netherlands：Springer。  new window
4.Plaisance, E.(2007)。The Integration of ‘Disabled’ Children In Ordinary Schools in France: A New Challenge。Policy, Experience and Change: Cross Cultural Reflections on Inclusive Education。The Netherlands：Springer。  new window
5.Skrtic, T. M.(1991)。Behind Special Education。Denver：Love。  new window
6.Slee, R.(2007)。It’s a Fit-Up! Inclusive education, higher Education, Policy and the Discordant Voice。Policy, Experience and Change: Cross Cultural Reflections On Inclusive Education。The Netherland：Springer。  new window
7.Wolger, J.(2003)。The tide has turned: a case study of one inner city LEA moving towards inclusion。Strategies to promote inclusive practice。London：Routeldge。  new window
8.Mertens, D. M.(2005)。Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods。Thousand Oaks, CA：London：Sage。  new window
9.United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(1994)。The salamanca statement and framework for action on special needs education。United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization。  new window
10.Crotty, M.(1998)。The foundations of social research: Meaning and perspective in the research process。Allen & Unwin。  new window
11.教育部特殊教育工作小組(2008)。97年度特殊教育統計年報。臺北：教育部。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Kemmis, Stephen、McTaggart, Robin(2005)。Participatory action research: Communicative action and the public sphere。The SAGE handbook of qualitative research。Sage。  new window
 
 
 
 
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