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來源文獻資料
摘要
外文摘要
引文資料
題名:
石油開採與英伊關係(1901~1914)
書刊名:
東吳歷史學報
作者:
陳立樵
作者(外文):
Chen, Li-chiao
出版日期:
2014
卷期:
32
頁次:
頁203-240
主題關鍵詞:
1901年石油開採許可權
;
巴賀提亞里部落
;
穆哈梅拉鎮的哈左酋長
;
英國-波斯石油公司
;
1907年英俄協定
;
Oil Concession of 1901
;
Bakhtiyari tribe
;
Sheykh of Mohammerah
;
Anglo-Persian Oil Company
;
Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
3
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:0
點閱:14
本文探討20世紀初期,伊朗石油開採,對英國與伊朗關係產生的影響。1901年,英國與伊朗簽訂石油開採許可權,英國擁有在伊朗鑽油井的權利。20世紀初期,時值伊朗立憲運動,中央政府衰弱,英國欲穩固石油利益,與石油開採區的地方勢力,如巴賀提亞里部落與穆哈梅拉鎮的哈左酋長,也有密切的交涉。1905年的《巴賀提亞里協議》,便是英國與部落在石油議題協商的結果。1908年石油在巴賀提亞里部落區開挖成功,但隨之問題也來。石油工程區的保安問題,頗有爭執,還有土地使用與買賣的糾紛。在穆哈梅拉鎮,英國與酋長原本關係就密切,雙方在1909年簽訂協議後,英國得以在酋長領地內鋪設油管、建煉油廠。石油議題,提高了英國與伊朗地方交涉的重要性。此外,英國在伊朗開發石油,有因應外在壓力的對策。長期以來俄國為英國在中亞與中東勢力範圍的競爭對手,伊朗北部為俄國影響力比較大的部份。因此,1901年的石油開採許可權裡,已寫明了不在俄國勢力範圍內開採石油。1912年之後,英國政府有感其他石油公司勢力逐漸擴張,便促使英國—波斯石油公司供給石油給海軍作為燃料,以鞏固石油利益。英國—波斯石油公司與海軍也有意願合作,雙方於1914年簽署合約,伊朗石油因此有更進一步的發展。
以文找文
This article explores the discovery of oil by the British in the South-West Iran from the beginning of the twentieth century to the start of World War I. After the signing of the Oil Concession of 1901 by the United Kingdom (U.K.) and Iran, the British obtained right to drill oil in the Iranian territory. It was a time that Iran experienced a constitutional revolution, resulting in unstable politics. Local people in the South-West of Iran, such as the Sheykh of Mohammerah and the Bakhtiyari tribe, hence, were the main subjects that the British preferred to negotiate. The British signed the Bakhtiyari Agreement of 1905 with the Khans, and signed an agreement for lease of lands for construction of pipelines and refineries in 1909, in which the Sheykh got a stronger relationship with the British. In addition, the U.K. faced some pressures outside of Iran. The first was Russia, who rivaled to the U.K. in Central Asia and the Middle East for a long period. The Oil Concession of 1901 stipulated that Britain had no right to drill oil in northern Iran under Russia's influence. The Concession was protected by the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907. In addition, growth of some oil companies became threats to Britain's Iranian oil from 1912. In 1914, therefore, the British Admiralty and the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, with the British Foreign Office's support, signed an agreement that oil was to be supplied to the British Admiralty.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Pierre, Oberling(1970)。British Tribal Policy in Southern Persia 1906-1911。Journal of Asian History,IV,51-52。
2.
Thornton, A. P.(195410)。British Policy in Persia, 1858-1890。The English Historical Review,69(273),554。
3.
Gene, R. Garthwaite。The Bakhtiyari Khans the Government of Iran, and the British, 1846-1915。International Journal of Middle East Studies,3,24-44。
4.
Gene, R, Garthwate(197704)。The Bakhtiyari Ilkhani: An Illusion of Unity。International Journal of Middle East Studies,8(2),145-160。
5.
Arash, Khazeni(2005)。The Bakhtiyari Tribes in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution Comparative Studies of South Asia。Africa and the Middle East,25(2),377-398。
6.
Seyyed, AliReza、Abtahi, Foroushani(2011)。Bakhtiyariha va Naft: Avalin Gamha 1319-1323。Paiz va Zemestan,1390,119-140。
7.
Charles, Issawi(1983)。Iranian Trade, 1800-1914。Iranian Studies,16(3/4),236。
8.
Edward, Mead Earle(192406)。The Turkish Petroleum Company:A Study in Oleaginous Diplomacy。Political Science Quarterly,39(2),267。
9.
Cited in Sara Reguer(198210)。Persian Oil and the First Lord: A Chapter in the Career of Winston Churchill。Military Affairs,46(3),136。
10.
Vanessa, Martin、Morteza, Nouraei(201104)。Foreign Land Holdings in Iran 1828-1911。The Royal Asiatic Society,21(2),133-135。
學位論文
1.
William, Theodore Strunk(1977)。The Reign of Shaykh Khaz'alIbn Jabir and the Suppression of the Principality of Arabistan: A Study of British Imperialism in Southwestern Iran, 1897-1925(博士論文)。Indiana University。
2.
Lyman, H. Stebbins(2009)。British Consuls and "Local" Imperialism in Iran, 1889-1921(博士論文)。The University of Chicago。
圖書
1.
(1919)。Treaties and Undertakings in Force between the British Government and the Shaikh of Mohammerah 1899-1919。Calcutta:Superintendent Government Printing。
2.
Hurewitz, J. C.(1956)。Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East: A Documentary Record: 1535-1914。Toronto:D. Van Nostrand Company。
3.
Charles, Issawi。The Economic History of Iran。Chicago:London:The University of Chicago Press。
4.
Ferrier, R. W.(1982)。The History of the British Petroleum Company。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
5.
Martin, Vanessa(1989)。Islam and Modernism:The Iranian Revolution of 1906。London:I. B. Tauris。
6.
Gene, R. Garthwaite(1983)。Khans and Shahs: A History of the Bakhtiyari Tribe。London:I.B. Tauris。
7.
Arash, Khazeni(2009)。Tribes and Empire on the Margins of Nineteenth-Century Iran。London:Seattle。
8.
Alireza, Abtahi(2005)。Naft va Bakhtiariha。Tehran:Moasseseh-ye-Motale Tarikh。
9.
Khodabakhsh, Oorbabpur Dashtaki(2010)。Enqelis va Bakhtiyari 1896-1925 Miladi。Tehran:Moasseseh-ye Motale Tarikh-e Iran。
10.
Elwell-Suton, L. P.(1955)。Persan Oil-A Study in Power Politics。London:Lawrence and Wishart Lt.。
11.
Nasrollah, Saifpour Fatemi(1954)。Oil Diplomacy: Powderkeg in Iran。New York:Whittier Books。
12.
Helmut, Mejcher(1976)。Imperial Quest for Oil: Iraq, 1910-1928。London:Ithaca Press。
13.
Hardinge, A.。Iran in the Persian Gulf 1820-1966, Volume 2: 1880-1917。Slough:Archive Editions。
14.
Arnold, Wilson(1941)。Persia A Political Officer's Diary。London:Oxford University Press。
15.
Julie, Oehler(1993)。Bibi Maryam: A Bakhtiyari Tribal Woman in Edmund Burke, III:Struggle and Survival in the Modern Middle East。London:New York:I.B. Tauris。
16.
Abdolnabi, Qayyem(2012)。Faraz va Fomd-e Sheikh Khaz。Tehran:Ketab-e Amiyeh。
其他
1.
Ferrier(197201)。The History of the British Petroleum Company。
2.
Wilson, S. W.。Persia—A Political Officer's Diary 1907-1914。
3.
Elwell, Suton。Person Oil—A Study in Power Politics。
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