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題名：臺灣大學生的請求策略與當代華語教材請求語義公式之比較
書刊名：華語文教學研究
作者：陳梅影／曾嘉悌
作者(外文)：Chen, Mei-ying／Tseng, Chia-ti
出版日期：2015
卷期：12:3
頁次：頁125-151
主題關鍵詞：請求行為；禮貌標記語；面子；華語為第二語；華語教材；Requests；Politeness expressions；Face；Teaching Chinese as a second language；Mandarin textbooks
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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本研究探討臺灣兩套華語文教材對話之請求公式。通過與臺灣大學生請求策略的比對，發現教材與學生之請求公式雖頗為相似，但也有些許差異。大致說來，教材與臺灣學生多傾向間接請求策略，並在請求中心語之前先陳述理由。當面對高位者如教師時，教材及學生多會使用「教授」或「老師」等稱謂詞作為起始行為語，以顯示尊重且符合華人社交禮貌之稱謂準則。若以請求策略類型來看，則學生之請求策略類型較為多元，使用的策略數亦較多。當面對高位者，學生還會採用輔助策略如問候語「老師好」，或道歉語「抱歉打擾您」、「不好意思」等禮貌標語；而在請求中心語之後，亦會表達感謝，而教材則無此設計。建議教材編寫應添加禮貌標記語的功用。
This study compared the request semantic formula in two sets of Mandarin textbooks to the request strategies of Taiwanese students. The results showed that the textbooks and the students were similar in that both favored indirect request strategies combining with a statement of reasons. In addition, complying with the address maxim of Chinese politeness, both the textbooks and Taiwanese students used titles such as ＂jiào shòu (professor)＂ or ＂lǎo shī (teacher)＂ to show respect towards a person of high status. Apart from these similarities, the students differed from the textbooks regarding the uses of politeness expressions as supportive strategies. For example, when interacting with a high-status, most students would begin with greeting ＂lǎo shī hǎo (teacher good)＂, apologizing ＂bào qiàn dǎ rǎo nín (Sorry to bother you)＂, or ＂bù hǎo yì sī (I'm sorry)＂ at the pre-request phase. Therefore, textbooks design should address how these politeness expressions function in the request speech act.
期刊論文
1.Boxer, Diana、Pickering, Lucy(1995)。Problems in the presentation of speech acts in ELT materials: The case of complaints。ELT Journal，49(1)，44-58。  new window
2.顧曰國(1992)。禮貌、語用與文化。外語教學與研究，1992(4)，10-17+80。  延伸查詢new window
3.Carter, Ronald、McCarthy, Michael(2004)。Talking, creating: interactional language, creativity, and context。Applied Linguistics，25(1)，62-88。  new window
4.Gilmore, A.(2011)。"I Prefer Not Text": developing Japanese learners communicative competence with authentic materials。Language Learning，61(3)，786-819。  new window
5.Jiang, Xiangying(2006)。Suggestions: What should ESL students know?。System，34(1)，36-54。  new window
6.Lee-Wong, Song Mei(1994)。Imperative in request: direct or impolite - observations from Chinese。Pragmatics，4(4)，491-515。  new window
7.Lin, Yuh-Huey(2009)。Query preparatory modals: cross-linguistic and cross-situational variations in request modification。Journal of Pragmatics，41(8)，1636-1656。  new window
8.Mir, Montserrat(1992)。Do we all apologize the same? - an empirical study on the act of apologizing by Spanish speakers learning English。Pragmatics and Language Learning，3，1-19。  new window
9.凌來芳(2003)。中英請求言語行為策略選擇之比較。合肥工業大學學報，17(5)，142-146。  延伸查詢new window
10.張紹杰、王曉彤(1997)。「請求」言語行為的對比研究。現代外語，1997(77)，63-72。  延伸查詢new window
11.彭媛(2012)。語際語「請求」言語行為的對比研究。華中農業大學學報，97，132-137。  延伸查詢new window
12.Mao, L. M.(1994)。Beyond politeness theory: "Face" revisited and renewed。Journal of Pragmatics，21(5)，451-486。  new window
13.顧曰國(1990)。Politeness phenomena in Modern Chinese。Journal of Pragmatics，14(2)，237-257。  new window
14.Blum-Kulka, Shoshana(1987)。Indirectness and politeness in requests: same or different?。Journal of Pragmatics，11(2)，131-146。  new window
15.Blum-Kulka, Shoshana、Olshtain, Elite(1984)。Requests and apologies: a cross-cultural study of speech act realization patterns (CCSARP)。Applied Linguistics，5(3)，196-213。  new window
16.Hong, Wei(1996)。An empirical study of Chinese request strategies。International Journal of Sociology of Language，122(1)，127-138。  new window
圖書
1.Searle, John R.(2001)。Expression and meaning: Studies in the theory of speech acts。Beijing：外語教學與研究出版社。  new window
2.Blum-Kulka, Shoshana、House, Julian、Kasper, Gabriele(1989)。Cross-cultural pragmatics: requests and apologies。Norwood, NJ：Ablex Publishing Corporation。  new window
3.Spencer-Oatey, Helen(2008)。Culturally Speaking: Culture, Communication and Politeness Theory。London：New York：Continuum。  new window
4.李捷、何自然、霍永壽(2011)。語用學十二講。上海：華東師範大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.葉德明(2004)。遠東生活華語。臺北：遠東圖書公司。  延伸查詢new window
6.葉德明(2004)。遠東生活華語。臺北：遠東圖書公司。  延伸查詢new window
7.葉德明(2004)。遠東生活華語。臺北：遠東圖書公司。  延伸查詢new window
8.葉德明(2004)。遠東生活華語。臺北：遠東圖書公司。  延伸查詢new window
9.盧惠惠(2011)。現代漢語詞彙學。上海：學林出版社。  延伸查詢new window
10.Gee, James Paul(2005)。An introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method。Routledge。  new window
11.Brown, Penelope、Levinson, Stephen C.(1987)。Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage。Cambridge University Press。  new window
12.Leech, Geoffrey Neill(1983)。Principles of Pragmatics。Longman。  new window
13.國立臺灣師範大學(2008)。實用視聽華語。實用視聽華語（1）。臺北：正中書局。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Zhang, Yanyin(1995)。Strategies in Chinese requesting。Pragmatics of Chinese as native and target language。University of Hawaii Press。  new window
2.Bouton, Lawrence(1996)。Pragmatics and language learning。Pragmatics and Language Learning。Urbana-Champaign：University of Illinois Press。  new window
3.Rose, Kenneth、Kasper, Gabriele(2001)。Pragmatics in language teaching。Pragmatics in Language Teaching。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
4.Cohen, A. D.(1996)。Speech acts。Sociolinguistics and language teaching。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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